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====================
ISPC Examples README
====================
This directory has a number of sample ispc programs. Before building them
(on an system), install the appropriate ispc compiler binary into a
directory in your path. Then, if you're running Windows, open the
"examples.sln" file and built from there. For building under Linux/OSX,
there are makefiles in each directory that build the examples individually.
Almost all of them benchmark ispc implementations of the given computation
against regular serial C++ implementations, printing out a comparison of
the runtimes and the speedup delivered by ispc. It may be instructive to
do a side-by-side diff of the C++ and ispc implementations of these
algorithms to learn more about wirting ispc code.
AOBench
=======
This is an ISPC implementation of the "AO bench" benchmark
(http://syoyo.wordpress.com/2009/01/26/ao-bench-is-evolving/). The command
line arguments are:
ao (num iterations) (x res) (yres)
It executes the program for the given number of iterations, rendering an
(xres x yres) image each time and measuring the computation time with both
serial and ispc implementations.
AOBench_Instrumented
====================
This version of AO Bench is compiled with the --instrument ispc compiler
flag. This causes the compiler to emit calls to a (user-supplied)
ISPCInstrument() function at interesting places in the compiled code. An
example implementation of this function that counts the number of times the
callback is made and records some statistics about control flow coherence
is provided in the instrument.cpp file.
*** Note: on Linux, this example currently hits an assertion in LLVM during
*** compilation
Mandelbrot
==========
Mandelbrot set generation. This example is extensively documented at the
http://ispc.github.com/example.html page.
Mandelbrot_tasks
================
Implementation of Mandelbrot set generation that also parallelizes across
cores using tasks. Under Windows, a simple task system built on
Microsoft's Concurrency Runtime is used (see tasks_concrt.cpp). On OSX, a
task system based on Grand Central Dispatch is used (tasks_gcd.cpp), and on
Linux, a pthreads-based task system is used (tasks_pthreads.cpp). When
using tasks with ispc, no task system is mandated; the user is free to plug
in any task system they want, for ease of interoperating with existing task
systems.
Options
=======
This program implements both the Black-Scholes and Binomial options pricing
models in both ispc and regular serial C++ code.
RT
==
This is a simple ray tracer; it reads in camera parameters and a bounding
volume hierarchy and renders the scene from the given viewpoint. The
command line arguments are:
rt <scene name base>
Where <scene base name> is one of "cornell", "teapot", or "sponza".
The implementation originally derives from the bounding volume hierarchy
and triangle intersection code from pbrt; see the pbrt source code and/or
"Physically Based Rendering" book for more about the basic algorithmic
details.
Simple
======
This is a simple "hello world" type program that shows a ~10 line
application program calling out to a ~5 line ispc program to do a simple
computation.

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CXX=g++
CXXFLAGS=-Iobjs/ -O3 -Wall
ISPC=ispc
ISPCFLAGS=-O2 --fast-math
default: ao
.PHONY: dirs clean
dirs:
/bin/mkdir -p objs/
clean:
/bin/rm -rf objs *~ ao
ao: dirs objs/ao.o objs/ao_serial.o objs/ao_ispc.o
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ objs/ao.o objs/ao_ispc.o objs/ao_serial.o -lm -lpthread
objs/%.o: %.cpp
$(CXX) $< $(CXXFLAGS) -c -o $@
objs/ao.o: objs/ao_ispc.h
objs/%_ispc.h objs/%_ispc.o: %.ispc
$(ISPC) $(ISPCFLAGS) $< -o objs/$*_ispc.o -h objs/$*_ispc.h

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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define NOMINMAX
#pragma warning (disable: 4244)
#pragma warning (disable: 4305)
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#ifdef __linux__
#include <malloc.h>
#endif
#include <math.h>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "ao_ispc.h"
using namespace ispc;
#include "../timing.h"
#define NSUBSAMPLES 2
extern void ao_serial(int w, int h, int nsubsamples, float image[]);
static unsigned int test_iterations;
static unsigned int width, height;
static unsigned char *img;
static float *fimg;
static unsigned char
clamp(float f)
{
int i = (int)(f * 255.5);
if (i < 0) i = 0;
if (i > 255) i = 255;
return (unsigned char)i;
}
static void
savePPM(const char *fname, int w, int h)
{
for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
img[3 * (y * w + x) + 0] = clamp(fimg[3 *(y * w + x) + 0]);
img[3 * (y * w + x) + 1] = clamp(fimg[3 *(y * w + x) + 1]);
img[3 * (y * w + x) + 2] = clamp(fimg[3 *(y * w + x) + 2]);
}
}
FILE *fp = fopen(fname, "wb");
if (!fp) {
perror(fname);
exit(1);
}
fprintf(fp, "P6\n");
fprintf(fp, "%d %d\n", w, h);
fprintf(fp, "255\n");
fwrite(img, w * h * 3, 1, fp);
fclose(fp);
}
// Allocate memory with 64-byte alignment.
float *
AllocAligned(int size) {
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
return (float *)_aligned_malloc(size, 64);
#elif defined (__APPLE__)
// Allocate excess memory to ensure an aligned pointer can be returned
void *mem = malloc(size + (64-1) + sizeof(void*));
char *amem = ((char*)mem) + sizeof(void*);
amem += 64 - (reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(amem) & (64 - 1));
((void**)amem)[-1] = mem;
return (float *)amem;
#else
return (float *)memalign(64, size);
#endif
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argc != 4) {
printf ("%s\n", argv[0]);
printf ("Usage: ao [num test iterations] [width] [height]\n");
getchar();
exit(-1);
}
else {
test_iterations = atoi(argv[1]);
width = atoi (argv[2]);
height = atoi (argv[3]);
}
// Allocate space for output images
img = (unsigned char *)AllocAligned(width * height * 3);
fimg = (float *)AllocAligned(sizeof(float) * width * height * 3);
//
// Run the ispc path, test_iterations times, and report the minimum
// time for any of them.
//
double minTimeISPC = 1e30;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < test_iterations; i++) {
memset((void *)fimg, 0, sizeof(float) * width * height * 3);
assert(NSUBSAMPLES == 2);
reset_and_start_timer();
ao_ispc(width, height, NSUBSAMPLES, fimg);
double t = get_elapsed_mcycles();
minTimeISPC = std::min(minTimeISPC, t);
}
// Report results and save image
printf("[aobench ispc]:\t\t\t[%.3f] M cycles (%d x %d image)\n", minTimeISPC,
width, height);
savePPM("ao-ispc.ppm", width, height);
//
// Run the serial path, again test_iteration times, and report the
// minimum time.
//
double minTimeSerial = 1e30;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < test_iterations; i++) {
memset((void *)fimg, 0, sizeof(float) * width * height * 3);
reset_and_start_timer();
ao_serial(width, height, NSUBSAMPLES, fimg);
double t = get_elapsed_mcycles();
minTimeSerial = std::min(minTimeSerial, t);
}
// Report more results, save another image...
printf("[aobench serial]:\t\t[%.3f] M cycles (%d x %d image)\n", minTimeSerial,
width, height);
printf("\t\t\t\t(%.2fx speedup from ISPC)\n", minTimeSerial / minTimeISPC);
savePPM("ao-serial.ppm", width, height);
return 0;
}

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// -*- mode: c++ -*-
/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/*
Based on Syoyo Fujita's aobench: http://code.google.com/p/aobench
*/
#define NAO_SAMPLES 8
#define M_PI 3.1415926535f
typedef float<3> vec;
struct Isect {
float t;
vec p;
vec n;
int hit;
};
struct Sphere {
vec center;
float radius;
};
struct Plane {
vec p;
vec n;
};
struct Ray {
vec org;
vec dir;
};
static inline float dot(vec a, vec b) {
return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y + a.z * b.z;
}
static inline vec vcross(vec v0, vec v1) {
vec ret;
ret.x = v0.y * v1.z - v0.z * v1.y;
ret.y = v0.z * v1.x - v0.x * v1.z;
ret.z = v0.x * v1.y - v0.y * v1.x;
return ret;
}
static inline void vnormalize(reference vec v) {
float len2 = dot(v, v);
float invlen = rsqrt(len2);
v *= invlen;
}
static inline void
ray_plane_intersect(reference Isect isect, reference Ray ray,
reference Plane plane) {
float d = -dot(plane.p, plane.n);
float v = dot(ray.dir, plane.n);
cif (abs(v) < 1.0e-17)
return;
else {
float t = -(dot(ray.org, plane.n) + d) / v;
cif ((t > 0.0) && (t < isect.t)) {
isect.t = t;
isect.hit = 1;
isect.p = ray.org + ray.dir * t;
isect.n = plane.n;
}
}
}
static inline void
ray_sphere_intersect(reference Isect isect, reference Ray ray,
reference Sphere sphere) {
vec rs = ray.org - sphere.center;
float B = dot(rs, ray.dir);
float C = dot(rs, rs) - sphere.radius * sphere.radius;
float D = B * B - C;
cif (D > 0.) {
float t = -B - sqrt(D);
cif ((t > 0.0) && (t < isect.t)) {
isect.t = t;
isect.hit = 1;
isect.p = ray.org + t * ray.dir;
isect.n = isect.p - sphere.center;
vnormalize(isect.n);
}
}
}
static inline void
orthoBasis(reference vec basis[3], vec n) {
basis[2] = n;
basis[1].x = 0.0; basis[1].y = 0.0; basis[1].z = 0.0;
if ((n.x < 0.6) && (n.x > -0.6)) {
basis[1].x = 1.0;
} else if ((n.y < 0.6) && (n.y > -0.6)) {
basis[1].y = 1.0;
} else if ((n.z < 0.6) && (n.z > -0.6)) {
basis[1].z = 1.0;
} else {
basis[1].x = 1.0;
}
basis[0] = vcross(basis[1], basis[2]);
vnormalize(basis[0]);
basis[1] = vcross(basis[2], basis[0]);
vnormalize(basis[1]);
}
static inline float
ambient_occlusion(reference Isect isect, reference Plane plane,
reference Sphere spheres[3], reference RNGState rngstate) {
float eps = 0.0001f;
vec p, n;
vec basis[3];
float occlusion = 0.0;
p = isect.p + eps * isect.n;
orthoBasis(basis, isect.n);
static const uniform int ntheta = NAO_SAMPLES;
static const uniform int nphi = NAO_SAMPLES;
for (uniform int j = 0; j < ntheta; j++) {
for (uniform int i = 0; i < nphi; i++) {
Ray ray;
Isect occIsect;
float theta = sqrt(frandom(rngstate));
float phi = 2.0f * M_PI * frandom(rngstate);
float x = cos(phi) * theta;
float y = sin(phi) * theta;
float z = sqrt(1.0 - theta * theta);
// local . global
float rx = x * basis[0].x + y * basis[1].x + z * basis[2].x;
float ry = x * basis[0].y + y * basis[1].y + z * basis[2].y;
float rz = x * basis[0].z + y * basis[1].z + z * basis[2].z;
ray.org = p;
ray.dir.x = rx;
ray.dir.y = ry;
ray.dir.z = rz;
occIsect.t = 1.0e+17;
occIsect.hit = 0;
for (uniform int snum = 0; snum < 3; ++snum)
ray_sphere_intersect(occIsect, ray, spheres[snum]);
ray_plane_intersect (occIsect, ray, plane);
if (occIsect.hit) occlusion += 1.0;
}
}
occlusion = (ntheta * nphi - occlusion) / (float)(ntheta * nphi);
return occlusion;
}
/* Compute the image for the scanlines from [y0,y1), for an overall image
of width w and height h.
*/
void ao_scanlines(uniform int y0, uniform int y1, uniform int w, uniform int h,
uniform int nsubsamples, reference uniform float image[]) {
static Plane plane = { { 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f }, { 0.f, 1.f, 0.f } };
static Sphere spheres[3] = {
{ { -2.0f, 0.0f, -3.5f }, 0.5f },
{ { -0.5f, 0.0f, -3.0f }, 0.5f },
{ { 1.0f, 0.0f, -2.2f }, 0.5f } };
RNGState rngstate;
seed_rng(rngstate, y0);
// Compute the mapping between the 'programCount'-wide program
// instances running in parallel and samples in the image.
//
// For now, we'll always take four samples per pixel, so start by
// initializing du and dv with offsets into subpixel samples. We'll
// take care of further updating du and dv for the case where we're
// doing more than 4 program instances in parallel shortly.
uniform float uSteps[4] = { 0, 1, 0, 1 };
uniform float vSteps[4] = { 0, 0, 1, 1 };
float du = uSteps[programIndex % 4] / nsubsamples;
float dv = vSteps[programIndex % 4] / nsubsamples;
// Now handle the case where we are able to do more than one pixel's
// worth of work at once. nx records the number of pixels in the x
// direction we do per iteration and ny the number in y.
uniform int nx = 1, ny = 1;
if (programCount == 8) {
// Do two pixels at once in the x direction
nx = 2;
if (programIndex >= 4)
// And shift the offsets for the second pixel's worth of work
++du;
}
else if (programCount == 16) {
// Two at once in both x and y
nx = ny = 2;
if ((programIndex >= 4 && programIndex < 8) || programIndex >= 12)
++du;
if (programIndex >= 8)
++dv;
}
// Now loop over all of the pixels, stepping in x and y as calculated
// above. (Assumes that ny divides y and nx divides x...)
for (uniform int y = y0; y < y1; y += ny) {
for (uniform int x = 0; x < w; x += nx) {
// Figur out x,y pixel in NDC
float px = (x + du - (w / 2.0f)) / (w / 2.0f);
float py = -(y + dv - (h / 2.0f)) / (h / 2.0f);
float ret = 0.f;
Ray ray;
Isect isect;
ray.org = 0.f;
// Poor man's perspective projection
ray.dir.x = px;
ray.dir.y = py;
ray.dir.z = -1.0;
vnormalize(ray.dir);
isect.t = 1.0e+17;
isect.hit = 0;
for (uniform int snum = 0; snum < 3; ++snum)
ray_sphere_intersect(isect, ray, spheres[snum]);
ray_plane_intersect(isect, ray, plane);
// Note use of 'coherent' if statement; the set of rays we
// trace will often all hit or all miss the scene
cif (isect.hit)
ret = ambient_occlusion(isect, plane, spheres, rngstate);
// This is a little grungy; we have results for
// programCount-worth of values. Because we're doing 2x2
// subsamples, we need to peel them off in groups of four,
// average the four values for each pixel, and update the
// output image.
//
// Store the varying value to a uniform array of the same size.
// See the discussion about communication among program
// instances in the ispc user's manual for more discussion on
// this idiom.
uniform float retArray[programCount];
retArray[programIndex] = ret;
// offset to the first pixel in the image
uniform int offset = 3 * (y * w + x);
for (uniform int p = 0; p < programCount; p += 4, ++offset) {
// Get the four sample values for this pixel
uniform float sumret = retArray[p] + retArray[p+1] + retArray[p+2] +
retArray[p+3];
// Normalize by number of samples taken
sumret /= nsubsamples * nsubsamples;
// Store result in the image
image[offset+0] = sumret;
image[offset+1] = sumret;
image[offset+2] = sumret;
}
}
}
}
export void ao_ispc(uniform int w, uniform int h, uniform int nsubsamples,
uniform float image[]) {
ao_scanlines(0, h, w, h, nsubsamples, image);
}

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// -*- mode: c++ -*-
/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/*
Based on Syoyo Fujita's aobench: http://code.google.com/p/aobench
*/
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define NOMINMAX
#pragma warning (disable: 4244)
#pragma warning (disable: 4305)
#endif
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
static long long drand48_x = 0x1234ABCD330E;
static inline void srand48(int x) {
drand48_x = x ^ (x << 16);
}
static inline double drand48() {
drand48_x = drand48_x * 0x5DEECE66D + 0xB;
return (drand48_x & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF) * (1.0 / 281474976710656.0);
}
#endif // _MSC_VER
#ifdef _MSC_VER
__declspec(align(16))
#endif
struct vec {
vec() { x=y=z=pad=0.; }
vec(float xx, float yy, float zz) { x = xx; y = yy; z = zz; }
vec operator*(float f) const { return vec(x*f, y*f, z*f); }
vec operator+(const vec &f2) const {
return vec(x+f2.x, y+f2.y, z+f2.z);
}
vec operator-(const vec &f2) const {
return vec(x-f2.x, y-f2.y, z-f2.z);
}
vec operator*(const vec &f2) const {
return vec(x*f2.x, y*f2.y, z*f2.z);
}
float x, y, z;
float pad;
}
#ifndef _MSC_VER
__attribute__ ((aligned(16)))
#endif
;
inline vec operator*(float f, const vec &v) { return vec(f*v.x, f*v.y, f*v.z); }
#define NAO_SAMPLES 8
#ifdef M_PI
#undef M_PI
#endif
#define M_PI 3.1415926535f
struct Isect {
float t;
vec p;
vec n;
int hit;
};
struct Sphere {
vec center;
float radius;
};
struct Plane {
vec p;
vec n;
};
struct Ray {
vec org;
vec dir;
};
static inline float dot(const vec &a, const vec &b) {
return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y + a.z * b.z;
}
static inline vec vcross(const vec &v0, const vec &v1) {
vec ret;
ret.x = v0.y * v1.z - v0.z * v1.y;
ret.y = v0.z * v1.x - v0.x * v1.z;
ret.z = v0.x * v1.y - v0.y * v1.x;
return ret;
}
static inline void vnormalize(vec &v) {
float len2 = dot(v, v);
float invlen = 1.f / sqrtf(len2);
v = v * invlen;
}
static inline void
ray_plane_intersect(Isect &isect, Ray &ray,
Plane &plane) {
float d = -dot(plane.p, plane.n);
float v = dot(ray.dir, plane.n);
if (fabsf(v) < 1.0e-17)
return;
else {
float t = -(dot(ray.org, plane.n) + d) / v;
if ((t > 0.0) && (t < isect.t)) {
isect.t = t;
isect.hit = 1;
isect.p = ray.org + ray.dir * t;
isect.n = plane.n;
}
}
}
static inline void
ray_sphere_intersect(Isect &isect, Ray &ray,
Sphere &sphere) {
vec rs = ray.org - sphere.center;
float B = dot(rs, ray.dir);
float C = dot(rs, rs) - sphere.radius * sphere.radius;
float D = B * B - C;
if (D > 0.) {
float t = -B - sqrtf(D);
if ((t > 0.0) && (t < isect.t)) {
isect.t = t;
isect.hit = 1;
isect.p = ray.org + t * ray.dir;
isect.n = isect.p - sphere.center;
vnormalize(isect.n);
}
}
}
static inline void
orthoBasis(vec basis[3], const vec &n) {
basis[2] = n;
basis[1].x = 0.0; basis[1].y = 0.0; basis[1].z = 0.0;
if ((n.x < 0.6) && (n.x > -0.6)) {
basis[1].x = 1.0;
} else if ((n.y < 0.6) && (n.y > -0.6)) {
basis[1].y = 1.0;
} else if ((n.z < 0.6) && (n.z > -0.6)) {
basis[1].z = 1.0;
} else {
basis[1].x = 1.0;
}
basis[0] = vcross(basis[1], basis[2]);
vnormalize(basis[0]);
basis[1] = vcross(basis[2], basis[0]);
vnormalize(basis[1]);
}
static float
ambient_occlusion(Isect &isect, Plane &plane,
Sphere spheres[3]) {
float eps = 0.0001f;
vec p, n;
vec basis[3];
float occlusion = 0.0;
p = isect.p + eps * isect.n;
orthoBasis(basis, isect.n);
static const int ntheta = NAO_SAMPLES;
static const int nphi = NAO_SAMPLES;
for (int j = 0; j < ntheta; j++) {
for (int i = 0; i < nphi; i++) {
Ray ray;
Isect occIsect;
float theta = sqrtf(drand48());
float phi = 2.0f * M_PI * drand48();
float x = cosf(phi) * theta;
float y = sinf(phi) * theta;
float z = sqrtf(1.0 - theta * theta);
// local . global
float rx = x * basis[0].x + y * basis[1].x + z * basis[2].x;
float ry = x * basis[0].y + y * basis[1].y + z * basis[2].y;
float rz = x * basis[0].z + y * basis[1].z + z * basis[2].z;
ray.org = p;
ray.dir.x = rx;
ray.dir.y = ry;
ray.dir.z = rz;
occIsect.t = 1.0e+17;
occIsect.hit = 0;
for (int snum = 0; snum < 3; ++snum)
ray_sphere_intersect(occIsect, ray, spheres[snum]);
ray_plane_intersect (occIsect, ray, plane);
if (occIsect.hit) occlusion += 1.0;
}
}
occlusion = (ntheta * nphi - occlusion) / (float)(ntheta * nphi);
return occlusion;
}
/* Compute the image for the scanlines from [y0,y1), for an overall image
of width w and height h.
*/
static void ao_scanlines(int y0, int y1, int w, int h, int nsubsamples,
float image[]) {
static Plane plane = { vec(0.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f), vec(0.f, 1.f, 0.f) };
static Sphere spheres[3] = {
{ vec(-2.0f, 0.0f, -3.5f), 0.5f },
{ vec(-0.5f, 0.0f, -3.0f), 0.5f },
{ vec(1.0f, 0.0f, -2.2f), 0.5f } };
srand48(y0);
for (int y = y0; y < y1; ++y) {
for (int x = 0; x < w; ++x) {
int offset = 3 * (y * w + x);
for (int u = 0; u < nsubsamples; ++u) {
for (int v = 0; v < nsubsamples; ++v) {
float px = (x + (u / (float)nsubsamples) - (w / 2.0f)) / (w / 2.0f);
float py = -(y + (v / (float)nsubsamples) - (h / 2.0f)) / (h / 2.0f);
float ret = 0.f;
Ray ray;
Isect isect;
ray.org = vec(0.f, 0.f, 0.f);
ray.dir.x = px;
ray.dir.y = py;
ray.dir.z = -1.0;
vnormalize(ray.dir);
isect.t = 1.0e+17;
isect.hit = 0;
for (int snum = 0; snum < 3; ++snum)
ray_sphere_intersect(isect, ray, spheres[snum]);
ray_plane_intersect(isect, ray, plane);
if (isect.hit)
ret = ambient_occlusion(isect, plane, spheres);
// Update image for AO for this ray
image[offset+0] += ret;
image[offset+1] += ret;
image[offset+2] += ret;
}
}
// Normalize image pixels by number of samples taken per pixel
image[offset+0] /= nsubsamples * nsubsamples;
image[offset+1] /= nsubsamples * nsubsamples;
image[offset+2] /= nsubsamples * nsubsamples;
}
}
}
void ao_serial(int w, int h, int nsubsamples,
float image[]) {
ao_scanlines(0, h, w, h, nsubsamples, image);
}

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26
examples/aobench_instrumented/Makefile Normal file
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CXX=g++
CXXFLAGS=-Iobjs/ -g3 -Wall
ISPC=ispc
ISPCFLAGS=-O2 --fast-math --instrument
default: ao
.PHONY: dirs clean
dirs:
/bin/mkdir -p objs/
clean:
/bin/rm -rf objs *~ ao
ao: dirs objs/ao.o objs/instrument.o objs/ao_ispc.o
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ objs/ao.o objs/ao_ispc.o objs/instrument.o -lm -lpthread
objs/%.o: %.cpp
$(CXX) $< $(CXXFLAGS) -c -o $@
objs/ao.o: objs/ao_ispc.h
objs/%_ispc.h objs/%_ispc.o: %.ispc
$(ISPC) $(ISPCFLAGS) $< -o objs/$*_ispc.o -h objs/$*_ispc.h

148
examples/aobench_instrumented/ao.cpp Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define NOMINMAX
#pragma warning (disable: 4244)
#pragma warning (disable: 4305)
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#ifdef __linux__
#include <malloc.h>
#endif
#include <math.h>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "ao_ispc.h"
using namespace ispc;
#include "instrument.h"
#include "../timing.h"
#define NSUBSAMPLES 2
static unsigned int test_iterations;
static unsigned int width, height;
static unsigned char *img;
static float *fimg;
static unsigned char
clamp(float f)
{
int i = (int)(f * 255.5);
if (i < 0) i = 0;
if (i > 255) i = 255;
return (unsigned char)i;
}
static void
savePPM(const char *fname, int w, int h)
{
for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
img[3 * (y * w + x) + 0] = clamp(fimg[3 *(y * w + x) + 0]);
img[3 * (y * w + x) + 1] = clamp(fimg[3 *(y * w + x) + 1]);
img[3 * (y * w + x) + 2] = clamp(fimg[3 *(y * w + x) + 2]);
}
}
FILE *fp = fopen(fname, "wb");
if (!fp) {
perror(fname);
exit(1);
}
fprintf(fp, "P6\n");
fprintf(fp, "%d %d\n", w, h);
fprintf(fp, "255\n");
fwrite(img, w * h * 3, 1, fp);
fclose(fp);
}
// Allocate memory with 64-byte alignment.
float *
AllocAligned(int size) {
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
return (float *)_aligned_malloc(size, 64);
#elif defined (__APPLE__)
// Allocate excess memory to ensure an aligned pointer can be returned
void *mem = malloc(size + (64-1) + sizeof(void*));
char *amem = ((char*)mem) + sizeof(void*);
amem += 64 - (reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(amem) & (64 - 1));
((void**)amem)[-1] = mem;
return (float *)amem;
#else
return (float *)memalign(64, size);
#endif
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argc != 4) {
printf ("%s\n", argv[0]);
printf ("Usage: ao [num test iterations] [width] [height]\n");
getchar();
exit(-1);
}
else {
test_iterations = atoi(argv[1]);
width = atoi (argv[2]);
height = atoi (argv[3]);
}
// Allocate space for output images
img = (unsigned char *)AllocAligned(width * height * 3);
fimg = (float *)AllocAligned(sizeof(float) * width * height * 3);
ao_ispc(width, height, NSUBSAMPLES, fimg);
savePPM("ao-ispc.ppm", width, height);
ISPCPrintInstrument();
return 0;
}

317
examples/aobench_instrumented/ao.ispc Normal file
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// -*- mode: c++ -*-
/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/*
Based on Syoyo Fujita's aobench: http://code.google.com/p/aobench
*/
#define NAO_SAMPLES 8
#define M_PI 3.1415926535f
typedef float<3> vec;
struct Isect {
float t;
vec p;
vec n;
int hit;
};
struct Sphere {
vec center;
float radius;
};
struct Plane {
vec p;
vec n;
};
struct Ray {
vec org;
vec dir;
};
static inline float dot(vec a, vec b) {
return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y + a.z * b.z;
}
static inline vec vcross(vec v0, vec v1) {
vec ret;
ret.x = v0.y * v1.z - v0.z * v1.y;
ret.y = v0.z * v1.x - v0.x * v1.z;
ret.z = v0.x * v1.y - v0.y * v1.x;
return ret;
}
static inline void vnormalize(reference vec v) {
float len2 = dot(v, v);
float invlen = rsqrt(len2);
v *= invlen;
}
static inline void
ray_plane_intersect(reference Isect isect, reference Ray ray,
reference Plane plane) {
float d = -dot(plane.p, plane.n);
float v = dot(ray.dir, plane.n);
cif (abs(v) < 1.0e-17)
return;
else {
float t = -(dot(ray.org, plane.n) + d) / v;
cif ((t > 0.0) && (t < isect.t)) {
isect.t = t;
isect.hit = 1;
isect.p = ray.org + ray.dir * t;
isect.n = plane.n;
}
}
}
static inline void
ray_sphere_intersect(reference Isect isect, reference Ray ray,
reference Sphere sphere) {
vec rs = ray.org - sphere.center;
float B = dot(rs, ray.dir);
float C = dot(rs, rs) - sphere.radius * sphere.radius;
float D = B * B - C;
cif (D > 0.) {
float t = -B - sqrt(D);
cif ((t > 0.0) && (t < isect.t)) {
isect.t = t;
isect.hit = 1;
isect.p = ray.org + t * ray.dir;
isect.n = isect.p - sphere.center;
vnormalize(isect.n);
}
}
}
static inline void
orthoBasis(reference vec basis[3], vec n) {
basis[2] = n;
basis[1].x = 0.0; basis[1].y = 0.0; basis[1].z = 0.0;
if ((n.x < 0.6) && (n.x > -0.6)) {
basis[1].x = 1.0;
} else if ((n.y < 0.6) && (n.y > -0.6)) {
basis[1].y = 1.0;
} else if ((n.z < 0.6) && (n.z > -0.6)) {
basis[1].z = 1.0;
} else {
basis[1].x = 1.0;
}
basis[0] = vcross(basis[1], basis[2]);
vnormalize(basis[0]);
basis[1] = vcross(basis[2], basis[0]);
vnormalize(basis[1]);
}
static inline float
ambient_occlusion(reference Isect isect, reference Plane plane,
reference Sphere spheres[3], reference RNGState rngstate) {
float eps = 0.0001f;
vec p, n;
vec basis[3];
float occlusion = 0.0;
p = isect.p + eps * isect.n;
orthoBasis(basis, isect.n);
static const uniform int ntheta = NAO_SAMPLES;
static const uniform int nphi = NAO_SAMPLES;
for (uniform int j = 0; j < ntheta; j++) {
for (uniform int i = 0; i < nphi; i++) {
Ray ray;
Isect occIsect;
float theta = sqrt(frandom(rngstate));
float phi = 2.0f * M_PI * frandom(rngstate);
float x = cos(phi) * theta;
float y = sin(phi) * theta;
float z = sqrt(1.0 - theta * theta);
// local . global
float rx = x * basis[0].x + y * basis[1].x + z * basis[2].x;
float ry = x * basis[0].y + y * basis[1].y + z * basis[2].y;
float rz = x * basis[0].z + y * basis[1].z + z * basis[2].z;
ray.org = p;
ray.dir.x = rx;
ray.dir.y = ry;
ray.dir.z = rz;
occIsect.t = 1.0e+17;
occIsect.hit = 0;
for (uniform int snum = 0; snum < 3; ++snum)
ray_sphere_intersect(occIsect, ray, spheres[snum]);
ray_plane_intersect (occIsect, ray, plane);
if (occIsect.hit) occlusion += 1.0;
}
}
occlusion = (ntheta * nphi - occlusion) / (float)(ntheta * nphi);
return occlusion;
}
/* Compute the image for the scanlines from [y0,y1), for an overall image
of width w and height h.
*/
void ao_scanlines(uniform int y0, uniform int y1, uniform int w, uniform int h,
uniform int nsubsamples, reference uniform float image[]) {
static Plane plane = { { 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f }, { 0.f, 1.f, 0.f } };
static Sphere spheres[3] = {
{ { -2.0f, 0.0f, -3.5f }, 0.5f },
{ { -0.5f, 0.0f, -3.0f }, 0.5f },
{ { 1.0f, 0.0f, -2.2f }, 0.5f } };
RNGState rngstate;
seed_rng(rngstate, y0);
// Compute the mapping between the 'programCount'-wide program
// instances running in parallel and samples in the image.
//
// For now, we'll always take four samples per pixel, so start by
// initializing du and dv with offsets into subpixel samples. We'll
// take care of further updating du and dv for the case where we're
// doing more than 4 program instances in parallel shortly.
uniform float uSteps[4] = { 0, 1, 0, 1 };
uniform float vSteps[4] = { 0, 0, 1, 1 };
float du = uSteps[programIndex % 4] / nsubsamples;
float dv = vSteps[programIndex % 4] / nsubsamples;
// Now handle the case where we are able to do more than one pixel's
// worth of work at once. nx records the number of pixels in the x
// direction we do per iteration and ny the number in y.
uniform int nx = 1, ny = 1;
if (programCount == 8) {
// Do two pixels at once in the x direction
nx = 2;
if (programIndex >= 4)
// And shift the offsets for the second pixel's worth of work
++du;
}
else if (programCount == 16) {
// Two at once in both x and y
nx = ny = 2;
if ((programIndex >= 4 && programIndex < 8) || programIndex >= 12)
++du;
if (programIndex >= 8)
++dv;
}
// Now loop over all of the pixels, stepping in x and y as calculated
// above. (Assumes that ny divides y and nx divides x...)
for (uniform int y = y0; y < y1; y += ny) {
for (uniform int x = 0; x < w; x += nx) {
// Figur out x,y pixel in NDC
float px = (x + du - (w / 2.0f)) / (w / 2.0f);
float py = -(y + dv - (h / 2.0f)) / (h / 2.0f);
float ret = 0.f;
Ray ray;
Isect isect;
ray.org = 0.f;
// Poor man's perspective projection
ray.dir.x = px;
ray.dir.y = py;
ray.dir.z = -1.0;
vnormalize(ray.dir);
isect.t = 1.0e+17;
isect.hit = 0;
for (uniform int snum = 0; snum < 3; ++snum)
ray_sphere_intersect(isect, ray, spheres[snum]);
ray_plane_intersect(isect, ray, plane);
// Note use of 'coherent' if statement; the set of rays we
// trace will often all hit or all miss the scene
cif (isect.hit)
ret = ambient_occlusion(isect, plane, spheres, rngstate);
// This is a little grungy; we have results for
// programCount-worth of values. Because we're doing 2x2
// subsamples, we need to peel them off in groups of four,
// average the four values for each pixel, and update the
// output image.
//
// Store the varying value to a uniform array of the same size.
// See the discussion about communication among program
// instances in the ispc user's manual for more discussion on
// this idiom.
uniform float retArray[programCount];
retArray[programIndex] = ret;
// offset to the first pixel in the image
uniform int offset = 3 * (y * w + x);
for (uniform int p = 0; p < programCount; p += 4, ++offset) {
// Get the four sample values for this pixel
uniform float sumret = retArray[p] + retArray[p+1] + retArray[p+2] +
retArray[p+3];
// Normalize by number of samples taken
sumret /= nsubsamples * nsubsamples;
// Store result in the image
image[offset+0] = sumret;
image[offset+1] = sumret;
image[offset+2] = sumret;
}
}
}
}
export void ao_ispc(uniform int w, uniform int h, uniform int nsubsamples,
uniform float image[]) {
ao_scanlines(0, h, w, h, nsubsamples, image);
}

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94
examples/aobench_instrumented/instrument.cpp Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include "instrument.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string>
#include <map>
struct CallInfo {
CallInfo() { count = laneCount = allOff = 0; }
int count;
int laneCount;
int allOff;
};
static std::map<std::string, CallInfo> callInfo;
int countbits(int i) {
int ret = 0;
while (i) {
if (i & 0x1)
++ret;
i >>= 1;
}
return ret;
}
// Callback function that ispc compiler emits calls to when --instrument
// command-line flag is given while compiling.
void
ISPCInstrument(const char *fn, const char *note, int line, int mask) {
char sline[16];
sprintf(sline, "%04d", line);
std::string s = std::string(fn) + std::string("(") + std::string(sline) +
std::string(") - ") + std::string(note);
// Find or create a CallInfo instance for this callsite.
CallInfo &ci = callInfo[s];
// And update its statistics...
++ci.count;
if (mask == 0)
++ci.allOff;
ci.laneCount += countbits(mask);
}
void
ISPCPrintInstrument() {
// When program execution is done, go through the stats and print them
// out. (This function is called by ao.cpp).
std::map<std::string, CallInfo>::iterator citer = callInfo.begin();
while (citer != callInfo.end()) {
CallInfo &ci = citer->second;
float activePct = 100.f * ci.laneCount / (4.f * ci.count);
float allOffPct = 100.f * ci.allOff / ci.count;
printf("%s: %d calls (%d / %.2f%% all off!), %.2f%% active lanes\n",
citer->first.c_str(), ci.count, ci.allOff, allOffPct,
activePct);
++citer;
}
}

45
examples/aobench_instrumented/instrument.h Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef INSTRUMENT_H
#define INSTRUMENT_H 1
#include <stdint.h>
extern "C" {
void ISPCInstrument(const char *fn, const char *note, int line, int mask);
}
void ISPCPrintInstrument();
#endif // INSTRUMENT_H

86
examples/examples.sln Executable file
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@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@

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26
examples/mandelbrot/Makefile Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
CXX=g++
CXXFLAGS=-Iobjs/ -O3 -Wall
ISPC=ispc
ISPCFLAGS=-O2 --target=sse4x2
default: mandelbrot
.PHONY: dirs clean
dirs:
/bin/mkdir -p objs/
clean:
/bin/rm -rf objs *~ mandelbrot
mandelbrot: dirs objs/mandelbrot.o objs/mandelbrot_serial.o objs/mandelbrot_ispc.o
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ objs/mandelbrot.o objs/mandelbrot_ispc.o objs/mandelbrot_serial.o -lm
objs/%.o: %.cpp
$(CXX) $< $(CXXFLAGS) -c -o $@
objs/mandelbrot.o: objs/mandelbrot_ispc.h
objs/%_ispc.h objs/%_ispc.o: %.ispc
$(ISPC) $(ISPCFLAGS) $< -o objs/$*_ispc.o -h objs/$*_ispc.h

117
examples/mandelbrot/mandelbrot.cpp Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define NOMINMAX
#pragma warning (disable: 4244)
#pragma warning (disable: 4305)
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include "../timing.h"
#include "mandelbrot_ispc.h"
using namespace ispc;
extern void mandelbrot_serial(float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1,
int width, int height, int maxIterations,
int output[]);
/* Write a PPM image file with the image of the Mandelbrot set */
static void
writePPM(int *buf, int width, int height, const char *fn) {
FILE *fp = fopen(fn, "wb");
fprintf(fp, "P6\n");
fprintf(fp, "%d %d\n", width, height);
fprintf(fp, "255\n");
for (int i = 0; i < width*height; ++i) {
// Map the iteration count to colors by just alternating between
// two greys.
char c = (buf[i] & 0x1) ? 240 : 20;
for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j)
fputc(c, fp);
}
fclose(fp);
}
int main() {
unsigned int width = 768;
unsigned int height = 512;
float x0 = -2;
float x1 = 1;
float y0 = -1;
float y1 = 1;
int maxIterations = 256;
int *buf = new int[width*height];
//
// Compute the image using the ispc implementation; report the minimum
// time of three runs.
//
double minISPC = 1e30;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
reset_and_start_timer();
mandelbrot_ispc(x0, y0, x1, y1, width, height, maxIterations, buf);
double dt = get_elapsed_mcycles();
minISPC = std::min(minISPC, dt);
}
printf("[mandelbrot ispc]:\t\t[%.3f] million cycles\n", minISPC);
writePPM(buf, width, height, "mandelbrot-ispc.ppm");
// Clear out the buffer
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < width * height; ++i)
buf[i] = 0;
//
// And run the serial implementation 3 times, again reporting the
// minimum time.
//
double minSerial = 1e30;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
reset_and_start_timer();
mandelbrot_serial(x0, y0, x1, y1, width, height, maxIterations, buf);
double dt = get_elapsed_mcycles();
minSerial = std::min(minSerial, dt);
}
printf("[mandelbrot serial]:\t\t[%.3f] millon cycles\n", minSerial);
writePPM(buf, width, height, "mandelbrot-serial.ppm");
printf("\t\t\t\t(%.2fx speedup from ISPC)\n", minSerial/minISPC);
return 0;
}

76
examples/mandelbrot/mandelbrot.ispc Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
static inline int mandel(float c_re, float c_im, int count) {
float z_re = c_re, z_im = c_im;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
if (z_re * z_re + z_im * z_im > 4.)
break;
float new_re = z_re*z_re - z_im*z_im;
float new_im = 2.f * z_re * z_im;
z_re = c_re + new_re;
z_im = c_im + new_im;
}
return i;
}
export void mandelbrot_ispc(uniform float x0, uniform float y0,
uniform float x1, uniform float y1,
uniform int width, uniform int height,
uniform int maxIterations,
reference uniform int output[])
{
float dx = (x1 - x0) / width;
float dy = (y1 - y0) / height;
for (uniform int j = 0; j < height; j++) {
// Note that we'll be doing programCount computations in parallel,
// so increment i by that much. This assumes that width evenly
// divides programCount.
for (uniform int i = 0; i < width; i += programCount) {
// Figure out the position on the complex plane to compute the
// number of iterations at. Note that the x values are
// different across different program instances, since its
// initializer incorporates the value of the programIndex
// variable.
float x = x0 + (programIndex + i) * dx;
float y = y0 + j * dy;
int index = j * width + i + programIndex;
output[index] = mandel(x, y, maxIterations);
}
}
}

161
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68
examples/mandelbrot/mandelbrot_serial.cpp Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
static int mandel(float c_re, float c_im, int count) {
float z_re = c_re, z_im = c_im;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
if (z_re * z_re + z_im * z_im > 4.)
break;
float new_re = z_re*z_re - z_im*z_im;
float new_im = 2.f * z_re * z_im;
z_re = c_re + new_re;
z_im = c_im + new_im;
}
return i;
}
void mandelbrot_serial(float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1,
int width, int height, int maxIterations,
int output[])
{
float dx = (x1 - x0) / width;
float dy = (y1 - y0) / height;
for (int j = 0; j < height; j++) {
for (int i = 0; i < width; ++i) {
float x = x0 + i * dx;
float y = y0 + j * dy;
int index = (j * width + i);
output[index] = mandel(x, y, maxIterations);
}
}
}

38
examples/mandelbrot_tasks/Makefile Normal file
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ARCH = $(shell uname)
TASK_CXX=tasks_pthreads.cpp
TASK_LIB=-lpthread
ifeq ($(ARCH), Darwin)
TASK_CXX=tasks_gcd.cpp
TASK_LIB=
endif
TASK_OBJ=$(addprefix objs/, $(TASK_CXX:.cpp=.o))
CXX=g++
CXXFLAGS=-Iobjs/ -O3 -Wall
ISPC=ispc
ISPCFLAGS=-O2 --target=sse4x2
default: mandelbrot
.PHONY: dirs clean
dirs:
/bin/mkdir -p objs/
clean:
/bin/rm -rf objs *~ mandelbrot
mandelbrot: dirs objs/mandelbrot.o objs/mandelbrot_serial.o objs/mandelbrot_ispc.o $(TASK_OBJ)
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ objs/mandelbrot.o objs/mandelbrot_ispc.o objs/mandelbrot_serial.o $(TASK_OBJ) -lm $(TASK_LIB)
objs/%.o: %.cpp
$(CXX) $< $(CXXFLAGS) -c -o $@
objs/mandelbrot.o: objs/mandelbrot_ispc.h
objs/%_ispc.h objs/%_ispc.o: %.ispc
$(ISPC) $(ISPCFLAGS) $< -o objs/$*_ispc.o -h objs/$*_ispc.h

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examples/mandelbrot_tasks/mandelbrot.cpp Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define NOMINMAX
#pragma warning (disable: 4244)
#pragma warning (disable: 4305)
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include "../timing.h"
#include "mandelbrot_ispc.h"
using namespace ispc;
extern void mandelbrot_serial(float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1,
int width, int height, int maxIterations,
int output[]);
/* Write a PPM image file with the image of the Mandelbrot set */
static void
writePPM(int *buf, int width, int height, const char *fn) {
FILE *fp = fopen(fn, "wb");
fprintf(fp, "P6\n");
fprintf(fp, "%d %d\n", width, height);
fprintf(fp, "255\n");
for (int i = 0; i < width*height; ++i) {
// Map the iteration count to colors by just alternating between
// two greys.
char c = (buf[i] & 0x1) ? 240 : 20;
for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j)
fputc(c, fp);
}
fclose(fp);
}
int main() {
unsigned int width = 1536;
unsigned int height = 1024;
float x0 = -2;
float x1 = 1;
float y0 = -1;
float y1 = 1;
extern void TasksInit();
TasksInit();
int maxIterations = 512;
int *buf = new int[width*height];
//
// Compute the image using the ispc implementation; report the minimum
// time of three runs.
//
double minISPC = 1e30;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
reset_and_start_timer();
mandelbrot_ispc(x0, y0, x1, y1, width, height, maxIterations, buf);
double dt = get_elapsed_mcycles();
minISPC = std::min(minISPC, dt);
}
printf("[mandelbrot ispc+tasks]:\t[%.3f] million cycles\n", minISPC);
writePPM(buf, width, height, "mandelbrot-ispc.ppm");
// Clear out the buffer
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < width * height; ++i)
buf[i] = 0;
//
// And run the serial implementation 3 times, again reporting the
// minimum time.
//
double minSerial = 1e30;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
reset_and_start_timer();
mandelbrot_serial(x0, y0, x1, y1, width, height, maxIterations, buf);
double dt = get_elapsed_mcycles();
minSerial = std::min(minSerial, dt);
}
printf("[mandelbrot serial]:\t\t[%.3f] millon cycles\n", minSerial);
writePPM(buf, width, height, "mandelbrot-serial.ppm");
printf("\t\t\t\t(%.2fx speedup from ISPC)\n", minSerial/minISPC);
return 0;
}

86
examples/mandelbrot_tasks/mandelbrot.ispc Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
static inline int
mandel(float c_re, float c_im, int count) {
float z_re = c_re, z_im = c_im;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
if (z_re * z_re + z_im * z_im > 4.)
break;
float new_re = z_re*z_re - z_im*z_im;
float new_im = 2.f * z_re * z_im;
z_re = c_re + new_re;
z_im = c_im + new_im;
}
return i;
}
/* Task to compute the Mandelbrot iterations for a span of scanlines from
[ystart,yend).
*/
task void
mandelbrot_scanlines(uniform int ystart, uniform int yend,
uniform float x0, uniform float dx,
uniform float y0, uniform float dy,
uniform int width, uniform int maxIterations,
reference uniform int output[]) {
for (uniform int j = ystart; j < yend; ++j) {
for (uniform int i = 0; i < width; i += programCount) {
float x = x0 + (programIndex + i) * dx;
float y = y0 + j * dy;
int index = j * width + i + programIndex;
output[index] = mandel(x, y, maxIterations);
}
}
}
export void
mandelbrot_ispc(uniform float x0, uniform float y0,
uniform float x1, uniform float y1,
uniform int width, uniform int height,
uniform int maxIterations, reference uniform int output[]) {
uniform float dx = (x1 - x0) / width;
uniform float dy = (y1 - y0) / height;
/* Launch task to compute results for spans of 'span' scanlines. */
uniform int span = 2;
for (uniform int j = 0; j < height; j += span)
launch < mandelbrot_scanlines(j, j+span, x0, dx, y0, dy, width,
maxIterations, output) >;
}

68
examples/mandelbrot_tasks/mandelbrot_serial.cpp Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
static int mandel(float c_re, float c_im, int count) {
float z_re = c_re, z_im = c_im;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
if (z_re * z_re + z_im * z_im > 4.)
break;
float new_re = z_re*z_re - z_im*z_im;
float new_im = 2.f * z_re * z_im;
z_re = c_re + new_re;
z_im = c_im + new_im;
}
return i;
}
void mandelbrot_serial(float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1,
int width, int height, int maxIterations,
int output[])
{
float dx = (x1 - x0) / width;
float dy = (y1 - y0) / height;
for (int j = 0; j < height; j++) {
for (int i = 0; i < width; ++i) {
float x = x0 + i * dx;
float y = y0 + j * dy;
int index = (j * width + i);
output[index] = mandel(x, y, maxIterations);
}
}
}

162
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examples/mandelbrot_tasks/tasks_concrt.cpp Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/* Simple task system implementation for ispc based on Microsoft's
Concurrency Runtime. */
#include <windows.h>
#include <concrt.h>
using namespace Concurrency;
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
// ispc expects these functions to have C linkage / not be mangled
extern "C" {
void ISPCLaunch(void *f, void *data);
void ISPCSync();
}
typedef void (*TaskFuncType)(void *, int, int);
struct TaskInfo {
TaskFuncType ispcFunc;
void *ispcData;
};
// This is a simple implementation that just aborts if more than MAX_TASKS
// are launched. It could easily be extended to be more general...
#define MAX_TASKS 4096
static int taskOffset;
static TaskInfo taskInfo[MAX_TASKS];
static event *events[MAX_TASKS];
static CRITICAL_SECTION criticalSection;
void
TasksInit() {
InitializeCriticalSection(&criticalSection);
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_TASKS; ++i)
events[i] = new event;
}
void __cdecl
lRunTask(LPVOID param) {
TaskInfo *ti = (TaskInfo *)param;
// Actually run the task.
// FIXME: like the tasks_gcd.cpp implementation, this is passing bogus
// values for the threadIndex and threadCount builtins, which in turn
// will cause bugs in code that uses those. FWIW this example doesn't
// use them...
int threadIndex = 0;
int threadCount = 1;
ti->ispcFunc(ti->ispcData, threadIndex, threadCount);
// Signal the event that this task is done
int taskNum = ti - &taskInfo[0];
events[taskNum]->set();
}
void
ISPCLaunch(void *func, void *data) {
// Get a TaskInfo struct for this task
EnterCriticalSection(&criticalSection);
TaskInfo *ti = &taskInfo[taskOffset++];
assert(taskOffset < MAX_TASKS);
LeaveCriticalSection(&criticalSection);
// And pass it on to the Concurrency Runtime...
ti->ispcFunc = (TaskFuncType)func;
ti->ispcData = data;
CurrentScheduler::ScheduleTask(lRunTask, ti);
}
void ISPCSync() {
event::wait_for_multiple(&events[0], taskOffset, true,
COOPERATIVE_TIMEOUT_INFINITE);
for (int i = 0; i < taskOffset; ++i)
events[i]->reset();
taskOffset = 0;
}

90
examples/mandelbrot_tasks/tasks_gcd.cpp Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/* A simple task system for ispc programs based on Apple's Grand Central
Dispatch. */
#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
static dispatch_queue_t gcdQueue;
static dispatch_group_t gcdGroup;
// ispc expects these functions to have C linkage / not be mangled
extern "C" {
void ISPCLaunch(void *f, void *data);
void ISPCSync();
}
struct TaskInfo {
void *func;
void *data;
};
void
TasksInit() {
gcdQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
gcdGroup = dispatch_group_create();
}
static void
lRunTask(void *ti) {
typedef void (*TaskFuncType)(void *, int, int);
TaskInfo *taskInfo = (TaskInfo *)ti;
TaskFuncType func = (TaskFuncType)(taskInfo->func);
// FIXME: these are bogus values; may cause bugs in code that depends
// on them having unique values in different threads.
int threadIndex = 0;
int threadCount = 1;
// Actually run the task
func(taskInfo->data, threadIndex, threadCount);
// FIXME: taskInfo leaks...
}
void ISPCLaunch(void *func, void *data) {
TaskInfo *ti = new TaskInfo;
ti->func = func;
ti->data = data;
dispatch_group_async_f(gcdGroup, gcdQueue, ti, lRunTask);
}
void ISPCSync() {
// Wait for all of the tasks in the group to complete before returning
dispatch_group_wait(gcdGroup, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
}

285
examples/mandelbrot_tasks/tasks_pthreads.cpp Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <vector>
// ispc expects these functions to have C linkage / not be mangled
extern "C" {
void ISPCLaunch(void *f, void *data);
void ISPCSync();
}
static int nThreads;
static pthread_t *threads;
static pthread_mutex_t taskQueueMutex;
static std::vector<std::pair<void *, void *> > taskQueue;
static sem_t *workerSemaphore;
static uint32_t numUnfinishedTasks;
static pthread_mutex_t tasksRunningConditionMutex;
static pthread_cond_t tasksRunningCondition;
static void *lTaskEntry(void *arg);
/** Figure out how many CPU cores there are in the system
*/
static int
lNumCPUCores() {
#if defined(__linux__)
return sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
#else
// Mac
int mib[2];
mib[0] = CTL_HW;
size_t length = 2;
if (sysctlnametomib("hw.logicalcpu", mib, &length) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "sysctlnametomib() filed. Guessing 2 cores.");
return 2;
}
assert(length == 2);
int nCores = 0;
size_t size = sizeof(nCores);
if (sysctl(mib, 2, &nCores, &size, NULL, 0) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "sysctl() to find number of cores present failed. Guessing 2.");
return 2;
}
return nCores;
#endif
}
void
TasksInit() {
nThreads = lNumCPUCores();
threads = new pthread_t[nThreads];
int err;
if ((err = pthread_mutex_init(&taskQueueMutex, NULL)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error creating mutex: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
char name[32];
sprintf(name, "mandelbrot.%d", (int)getpid());
workerSemaphore = sem_open(name, O_CREAT, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR, 0);
if (!workerSemaphore) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error creating semaphore: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
if ((err = pthread_cond_init(&tasksRunningCondition, NULL)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error creating condition variable: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
if ((err = pthread_mutex_init(&tasksRunningConditionMutex, NULL)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error creating mutex: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
for (int i = 0; i < nThreads; ++i) {
err = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, &lTaskEntry, reinterpret_cast<void *>(i));
if (err != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error creating pthread %d: %s\n", i, strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
}
}
void
ISPCLaunch(void *f, void *d) {
//
// Acquire mutex, add task
//
int err;
if ((err = pthread_mutex_lock(&taskQueueMutex)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error from pthread_mutex_lock: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
taskQueue.push_back(std::make_pair(f, d));
if ((err = pthread_mutex_unlock(&taskQueueMutex)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error from pthread_mutex_unlock: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
//
// Update count of number of tasks left to run
//
if ((err = pthread_mutex_lock(&tasksRunningConditionMutex)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error from pthread_mutex_lock: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
++numUnfinishedTasks;
if ((err = pthread_mutex_unlock(&tasksRunningConditionMutex)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error from pthread_mutex_lock: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
//
// Post to the worker semaphore to wake up worker threads that are
// sleeping waiting for tasks to show up
//
if ((err = sem_post(workerSemaphore)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error from sem_post: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
}
static void *
lTaskEntry(void *arg) {
int threadIndex = int(reinterpret_cast<int64_t>(arg));
int threadCount = nThreads;
while (true) {
int err;
if ((err = sem_wait(workerSemaphore)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error from sem_wait: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
std::pair<void *, void *> myTask;
//
// Acquire mutex, get task
//
if ((err = pthread_mutex_lock(&taskQueueMutex)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error from pthread_mutex_lock: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
if (taskQueue.size() == 0) {
//
// Task queue is empty, go back and wait on the semaphore
//
if ((err = pthread_mutex_unlock(&taskQueueMutex)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error from pthread_mutex_unlock: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
continue;
}
myTask = taskQueue.back();
taskQueue.pop_back();
if ((err = pthread_mutex_unlock(&taskQueueMutex)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error from pthread_mutex_unlock: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
//
// Do work for _myTask_
//
typedef void (*TaskFunType)(void *, int, int);
TaskFunType func = (TaskFunType)myTask.first;
func(myTask.second, threadIndex, threadCount);
//
// Decrement the number of unfinished tasks counter
//
if ((err = pthread_mutex_lock(&tasksRunningConditionMutex)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error from pthread_mutex_lock: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
int unfinished = --numUnfinishedTasks;
if (unfinished == 0) {
//
// Signal the "no more tasks are running" condition if all of
// them are done.
//
int err;
if ((err = pthread_cond_signal(&tasksRunningCondition)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error from pthread_cond_signal: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
}
if ((err = pthread_mutex_unlock(&tasksRunningConditionMutex)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error from pthread_mutex_lock: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
}
pthread_exit(NULL);
return 0;
}
void ISPCSync() {
int err;
if ((err = pthread_mutex_lock(&tasksRunningConditionMutex)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error from pthread_mutex_lock: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
// As long as there are tasks running, wait on the condition variable;
// doing so causes this thread to go to sleep until someone signals on
// the tasksRunningCondition condition variable.
while (numUnfinishedTasks > 0) {
if ((err = pthread_cond_wait(&tasksRunningCondition,
&tasksRunningConditionMutex)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error from pthread_cond_wait: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
}
// We acquire ownership of the condition variable mutex when the above
// pthread_cond_wait returns.
// FIXME: is there a lurking issue here if numUnfinishedTasks gets back
// to zero by the time we get to ISPCSync() and thence we're trying to
// unlock a mutex we don't have a lock on?
if ((err = pthread_mutex_unlock(&tasksRunningConditionMutex)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error from pthread_mutex_lock: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
}

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examples/options/Makefile Normal file
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CXX=g++
CXXFLAGS=-Iobjs/ -g -Wall
ISPC=ispc
ISPCFLAGS=-O2 --target=sse4x2
default: options
.PHONY: dirs clean
dirs:
/bin/mkdir -p objs/
clean:
/bin/rm -rf objs *~ options
options: dirs objs/options.o objs/options_serial.o objs/options_ispc.o
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ objs/options.o objs/options_ispc.o objs/options_serial.o -lm
objs/%.o: %.cpp
$(CXX) $< $(CXXFLAGS) -c -o $@
objs/options.o: objs/options_ispc.h options_defs.h
objs/%_ispc.h objs/%_ispc.o: %.ispc options_defs.h
$(ISPC) $(ISPCFLAGS) $< -o objs/$*_ispc.o -h objs/$*_ispc.h

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examples/options/options.cpp Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <algorithm>
#ifndef __APPLE__
#include <malloc.h>
#endif // !__APPLE__
using std::max;
#include "options_defs.h"
#include "../timing.h"
#include "options_ispc.h"
using namespace ispc;
// Allocate memory with 64-byte alignment.
float *AllocFloats(int count) {
int size = count * sizeof(float);
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
return (float *)_aligned_malloc(size, 64);
#elif defined (__APPLE__)
// Allocate excess memory to ensure an aligned pointer can be returned
void *mem = malloc(size + (64-1) + sizeof(void*));
char *amem = ((char*)mem) + sizeof(void*);
amem += 64 - (reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(amem) & (64 - 1));
((void**)amem)[-1] = mem;
return (float *)amem;
#else
return (float *)memalign(64, size);
#endif
}
extern void black_scholes_serial(float Sa[], float Xa[], float Ta[],
float ra[], float va[],
float result[], int count);
extern void binomial_put_serial(float Sa[], float Xa[], float Ta[],
float ra[], float va[],
float result[], int count);
int main() {
// Pointers passed to ispc code must have alignment of the target's
// vector width at minimum.
float *S = AllocFloats(N_OPTIONS);
float *X = AllocFloats(N_OPTIONS);
float *T = AllocFloats(N_OPTIONS);
float *r = AllocFloats(N_OPTIONS);
float *v = AllocFloats(N_OPTIONS);
float *result = AllocFloats(N_OPTIONS);
for (int i = 0; i < N_OPTIONS; ++i) {
S[i] = 100; // stock price
X[i] = 98; // option strike price
T[i] = 2; // time (years)
r[i] = .02; // risk-free interest rate
v[i] = 5; // volatility
}
//
// Binomial options pricing model, ispc implementation
//
reset_and_start_timer();
binomial_put_ispc(S, X, T, r, v, result, N_OPTIONS);
double binomial_ispc = get_elapsed_mcycles();
float sum = 0.f;
for (int i = 0; i < N_OPTIONS; ++i)
sum += result[i];
printf("[binomial ispc]:\t\t[%.3f] million cycles (avg %f)\n",
binomial_ispc, sum / N_OPTIONS);
//
// Binomial options, serial implementation
//
reset_and_start_timer();
binomial_put_serial(S, X, T, r, v, result, N_OPTIONS);
double binomial_serial = get_elapsed_mcycles();
sum = 0.f;
for (int i = 0; i < N_OPTIONS; ++i)
sum += result[i];
printf("[binomial serial]:\t\t[%.3f] million cycles (avg %f)\n",
binomial_serial, sum / N_OPTIONS);
printf("\t\t\t\t(%.2fx speedup from ISPC)\n", binomial_serial / binomial_ispc);
//
// Black-Scholes options pricing model, ispc implementation
//
sum = 0.f;
reset_and_start_timer();
for (int a = 0; a < N_BLACK_SCHOLES_ROUNDS; ++a) {
black_scholes_ispc(S, X, T, r, v, result, N_OPTIONS);
for (int i = 0; i < N_OPTIONS; ++i)
sum += result[i];
}
double bs_ispc = get_elapsed_mcycles();
printf("[black-scholes ispc]:\t\t[%.3f] million cycles (avg %f)\n",
bs_ispc, sum / (N_BLACK_SCHOLES_ROUNDS * N_OPTIONS));
//
// Black-Scholes options pricing model, serial implementation
//
sum = 0.f;
reset_and_start_timer();
for (int a = 0; a < N_BLACK_SCHOLES_ROUNDS; ++a) {
black_scholes_serial(S, X, T, r, v, result, N_OPTIONS);
for (int i = 0; i < N_OPTIONS; ++i)
sum += result[i];
}
double bs_serial = get_elapsed_mcycles();
printf("[black-scholes serial]:\t\t[%.3f] million cycles (avg %f)\n", bs_serial,
sum / (N_BLACK_SCHOLES_ROUNDS * N_OPTIONS));
printf("\t\t\t\t(%.2fx speedup from ISPC)\n", bs_serial / bs_ispc);
return 0;
}

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// -*- mode: c++ -*-
/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include "options_defs.h"
// Cumulative normal distribution function
static inline float
CND(float X) {
float L = abs(X);
float k = 1.0 / (1.0 + 0.2316419 * L);
float k2 = k*k;
float k3 = k2*k;
float k4 = k2*k2;
float k5 = k3*k2;
const float invSqrt2Pi = 0.39894228040f;
float w = (0.31938153f * k - 0.356563782f * k2 + 1.781477937f * k3 +
-1.821255978f * k4 + 1.330274429f * k5);
w *= invSqrt2Pi * exp(-L * L * .5f);
if (X > 0.f)
w = 1.0 - w;
return w;
}
export void
black_scholes_ispc(uniform float Sa[], uniform float Xa[], uniform float Ta[],
uniform float ra[], uniform float va[],
uniform float result[], uniform int count) {
for (uniform int i = 0; i < count; i += programCount) {
float S = Sa[i + programIndex], X = Xa[i + programIndex];
float T = Ta[i + programIndex], r = ra[i + programIndex];
float v = va[i + programIndex];
float d1 = (log(S/X) + (r + v * v * .5f) * T) / (v * sqrt(T));
float d2 = d1 - v * sqrt(T);
result[i + programIndex] = S * CND(d1) - X * exp(-r * T) * CND(d2);
}
}
export void
binomial_put_ispc(uniform float Sa[], uniform float Xa[], uniform float Ta[],
uniform float ra[], uniform float va[],
uniform float result[], uniform int count) {
float V[BINOMIAL_NUM];
for (uniform int i = 0; i < count; i += programCount) {
float S = Sa[i + programIndex], X = Xa[i + programIndex];
float T = Ta[i + programIndex], r = ra[i + programIndex];
float v = va[i + programIndex];
float dt = T / BINOMIAL_NUM;
float u = exp(v * sqrt(dt));
float d = 1. / u;
float disc = exp(r * dt);
float Pu = (disc - d) / (u - d);
for (uniform int j = 0; j < BINOMIAL_NUM; ++j) {
float upow = pow(u, (float)(2*j-BINOMIAL_NUM));
V[j] = max(0., X - S * upow);
}
for (uniform int j = BINOMIAL_NUM-1; j >= 0; --j)
for (uniform int k = 0; k < j; ++k)
V[k] = ((1 - Pu) * V[k] + Pu * V[k + 1]) / disc;
result[i + programIndex] = V[0];
}
}

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42
examples/options/options_defs.h Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef OPTIONS_DEFS_H
#define OPTIONS_DEFS_H 1
#define BINOMIAL_NUM 64
#define N_OPTIONS 65536
#define N_BLACK_SCHOLES_ROUNDS 20
#endif // OPTIONS_DEFS_H

114
examples/options/options_serial.cpp Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define NOMINMAX
#pragma warning (disable: 4244)
#pragma warning (disable: 4305)
#endif
#include "options_defs.h"
#include <math.h>
#include <algorithm>
// Cumulative normal distribution function
static inline float
CND(float X) {
float L = fabsf(X);
float k = 1.0 / (1.0 + 0.2316419 * L);
float k2 = k*k;
float k3 = k2*k;
float k4 = k2*k2;
float k5 = k3*k2;
const float invSqrt2Pi = 0.39894228040f;
float w = (0.31938153f * k - 0.356563782f * k2 + 1.781477937f * k3 +
-1.821255978f * k4 + 1.330274429f * k5);
w *= invSqrt2Pi * expf(-L * L * .5f);
if (X > 0.f)
w = 1.0 - w;
return w;
}
void
black_scholes_serial(float Sa[], float Xa[], float Ta[],
float ra[], float va[],
float result[], int count) {
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
float S = Sa[i], X = Xa[i];
float T = Ta[i], r = ra[i];
float v = va[i];
float d1 = (logf(S/X) + (r + v * v * .5f) * T) / (v * sqrtf(T));
float d2 = d1 - v * sqrtf(T);
result[i] = S * CND(d1) - X * expf(-r * T) * CND(d2);
}
}
void
binomial_put_serial(float Sa[], float Xa[], float Ta[],
float ra[], float va[],
float result[], int count) {
float V[BINOMIAL_NUM];
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
float S = Sa[i], X = Xa[i];
float T = Ta[i], r = ra[i];
float v = va[i];
float dt = T / BINOMIAL_NUM;
float u = expf(v * sqrtf(dt));
float d = 1. / u;
float disc = expf(r * dt);
float Pu = (disc - d) / (u - d);
for (int j = 0; j < BINOMIAL_NUM; ++j) {
float upow = powf(u, (float)(2*j-BINOMIAL_NUM));
V[j] = std::max(0.f, X - S * upow);
}
for (int j = BINOMIAL_NUM-1; j >= 0; --j)
for (int k = 0; k < j; ++k)
V[k] = ((1 - Pu) * V[k] + Pu * V[k + 1]) / disc;
result[i] = V[0];
}
}

24
examples/rt/Makefile Normal file
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CXX=g++
CXXFLAGS=-Iobjs/ -O3 -Wall
ISPC=ispc
ISPCFLAGS=-O2 --target=sse4x2
default: rt
.PHONY: dirs clean
dirs:
/bin/mkdir -p objs/
clean:
/bin/rm -rf objs *~ rt
rt: dirs objs/rt.o objs/rt_serial.o objs/rt_ispc.o
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ objs/rt.o objs/rt_ispc.o objs/rt_serial.o -lm
objs/%.o: %.cpp objs/rt_ispc.h
$(CXX) $< $(CXXFLAGS) -c -o $@
objs/%_ispc.h objs/%_ispc.o: %.ispc
$(ISPC) $(ISPCFLAGS) $< -o objs/$*_ispc.o -h objs/$*_ispc.h

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examples/rt/rt.cpp Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define NOMINMAX
#pragma warning (disable: 4244)
#pragma warning (disable: 4305)
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#ifndef __APPLE__
#include <malloc.h>
#endif
#include "../timing.h"
#include "rt_ispc.h"
using namespace ispc;
typedef unsigned int uint;
template <typename T>
T *AllocAligned(int count) {
int size = count * sizeof(T);
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
return (T *)_aligned_malloc(size, 64);
#elif defined (__APPLE__)
// Allocate excess memory to ensure an aligned pointer can be returned
void *mem = malloc(size + (64-1) + sizeof(void*));
char *amem = ((char*)mem) + sizeof(void*);
amem += 64 - (reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(amem) & (64 - 1));
((void**)amem)[-1] = mem;
return (T *)amem;
#else
return (T *)memalign(64, size);
#endif
}
extern void raytrace_serial(int width, int height, const float raster2camera[4][4],
const float camera2world[4][4], float image[],
int id[], const LinearBVHNode nodes[],
const Triangle triangles[]);
static void writeImage(int *idImage, float *depthImage, int width, int height,
const char *filename) {
FILE *f = fopen(filename, "wb");
if (!f) {
perror(filename);
exit(1);
}
fprintf(f, "P6\n%d %d\n255\n", width, height);
for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
// use the bits from the object id of the hit object to make a
// random color
int id = idImage[y * width + x];
unsigned char r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
// extract bit 3*i for red, 3*i+1 for green, 3*i+2 for blue
int rbit = (id & (1 << (3*i))) >> (3*i);
int gbit = (id & (1 << (3*i+1))) >> (3*i+1);
int bbit = (id & (1 << (3*i+2))) >> (3*i+2);
// and then set the bits of the colors starting from the
// high bits...
r |= rbit << (7-i);
g |= gbit << (7-i);
b |= bbit << (7-i);
}
fputc(r, f);
fputc(g, f);
fputc(b, f);
}
}
fclose(f);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "usage: rt <filename base>\n");
exit(1);
}
#define READ(var, n) \
if (fread(&(var), sizeof(var), n, f) != (unsigned int)n) { \
fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected EOF reading scene file\n"); \
return 1; \
} else /* eat ; */
//
// Read the camera specification information from the camera file
//
char fnbuf[1024];
sprintf(fnbuf, "%s.camera", argv[1]);
FILE *f = fopen(fnbuf, "rb");
if (!f) {
perror(argv[1]);
return 1;
}
//
// Nothing fancy, and trouble if we run on a big-endian system, just
// fread in the bits
//
int width, height;
float camera2world[4][4], raster2camera[4][4];
READ(width, 1);
READ(height, 1);
READ(camera2world[0][0], 16);
READ(raster2camera[0][0], 16);
//
// Read in the serialized BVH
//
sprintf(fnbuf, "%s.bvh", argv[1]);
f = fopen(fnbuf, "rb");
if (!f) {
perror(argv[2]);
return 1;
}
// The BVH file starts with an int that gives the total number of BVH
// nodes
uint nNodes;
READ(nNodes, 1);
LinearBVHNode *nodes = AllocAligned<LinearBVHNode>(nNodes);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < nNodes; ++i) {
// Each node is 6x floats for a boox, then an integer for an offset
// to the second child node, then an integer that encodes the type
// of node, the total number of int it if a leaf node, etc.
float b[6];
READ(b[0], 6);
nodes[i].bounds[0].v[0] = b[0];
nodes[i].bounds[0].v[1] = b[1];
nodes[i].bounds[0].v[2] = b[2];
nodes[i].bounds[1].v[0] = b[3];
nodes[i].bounds[1].v[1] = b[4];
nodes[i].bounds[1].v[2] = b[5];
READ(nodes[i].offset, 1);
READ(nodes[i].primsAxis, 1);
}
// And then read the triangles
uint nTris;
READ(nTris, 1);
Triangle *triangles = AllocAligned<Triangle>(nTris);
for (uint i = 0; i < nTris; ++i) {
// 9x floats for the 3 vertices
float v[9];
READ(v[0], 9);
float *vp = v;
for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
triangles[i].p[j].v[0] = *vp++;
triangles[i].p[j].v[1] = *vp++;
triangles[i].p[j].v[2] = *vp++;
}
// And create an object id
triangles[i].id = i+1;
}
fclose(f);
// round image resolution up to multiple of 4 to makethings easy for
// the code that assigns pixels to ispc program instances
height = (height + 3) & ~3;
width = (width + 3) & ~3;
// allocate images; one to hold hit object ids, one to hold depth to
// the first interseciton
int *id = new int[width*height];
float *image = new float[width*height];
//
// Run 3 iterations with ispc, record the minimum time
//
double minTimeISPC = 1e30;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
reset_and_start_timer();
raytrace(width, height, raster2camera, camera2world,
image, id, nodes, triangles);
double dt = get_elapsed_mcycles();
minTimeISPC = std::min(dt, minTimeISPC);
}
printf("[rt ispc]:\t\t\t[%.3f] million cycles for %d x %d image\n", minTimeISPC, width, height);
writeImage(id, image, width, height, "rt-ispc.ppm");
//
// And 3 iterations with the serial implementation, reporting the
// minimum time.
//
double minTimeSerial = 1e30;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
reset_and_start_timer();
raytrace_serial(width, height, raster2camera, camera2world,
image, id, nodes, triangles);
double dt = get_elapsed_mcycles();
minTimeSerial = std::min(dt, minTimeSerial);
}
printf("[rt serial]:\t\t\t[%.3f] million cycles for %d x %d image\n",
minTimeSerial, width, height);
printf("\t\t\t\t(%.2fx speedup from ISPC)\n", minTimeSerial / minTimeISPC);
writeImage(id, image, width, height, "rt-serial.ppm");
return 0;
}

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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#define bool int
typedef float<3> float3;
struct Ray {
float3 origin, dir, invDir;
uniform unsigned int dirIsNeg[3];
float mint, maxt;
int hitId;
};
struct Triangle {
uniform float3 p[3];
uniform int id;
};
struct LinearBVHNode {
uniform float3 bounds[2];
uniform unsigned int offset; // num primitives for leaf, second child for interior
uniform unsigned int primsAxis; // 0:7 nPrimitives, 8:15 split axis, 16:31 padding
};
static inline uniform int nPrims(const reference LinearBVHNode node) {
return (node.primsAxis & 0xff);
}
static inline uniform int axis(const reference LinearBVHNode node) {
return ((node.primsAxis >> 8) & 0xff);
}
static inline uniform bool isInterior(const reference LinearBVHNode node) {
return nPrims(node) == 0;
}
static inline float3 Cross(const float3 v1, const float3 v2) {
float v1x = v1.x, v1y = v1.y, v1z = v1.z;
float v2x = v2.x, v2y = v2.y, v2z = v2.z;
float3 ret;
ret.x = (v1y * v2z) - (v1z * v2y);
ret.y = (v1z * v2x) - (v1x * v2z);
ret.z = (v1x * v2y) - (v1y * v2x);
return ret;
}
static inline float Dot(const float3 a, const float3 b) {
return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y + a.z * b.z;
}
static void generateRay(uniform const float raster2camera[4][4],
uniform const float camera2world[4][4],
float x, float y, reference Ray ray) {
ray.mint = 0.f;
ray.maxt = 1e30f;
ray.hitId = 0;
// transform raster coordinate (x, y, 0) to camera space
float camx = raster2camera[0][0] * x + raster2camera[0][1] * y + raster2camera[0][3];
float camy = raster2camera[1][0] * x + raster2camera[1][1] * y + raster2camera[1][3];
float camz = raster2camera[2][3];
float camw = raster2camera[3][3];
camx /= camw;
camy /= camw;
camz /= camw;
ray.dir.x = camera2world[0][0] * camx + camera2world[0][1] * camy + camera2world[0][2] * camz;
ray.dir.y = camera2world[1][0] * camx + camera2world[1][1] * camy + camera2world[1][2] * camz;
ray.dir.z = camera2world[2][0] * camx + camera2world[2][1] * camy + camera2world[2][2] * camz;
ray.origin.x = camera2world[0][3] / camera2world[3][3];
ray.origin.y = camera2world[1][3] / camera2world[3][3];
ray.origin.z = camera2world[2][3] / camera2world[3][3];
ray.invDir = 1.f / ray.dir;
ray.dirIsNeg[0] = any(ray.invDir.x < 0) ? 1 : 0;
ray.dirIsNeg[1] = any(ray.invDir.y < 0) ? 1 : 0;
ray.dirIsNeg[2] = any(ray.invDir.z < 0) ? 1 : 0;
}
static inline bool BBoxIntersect(const reference uniform float3 bounds[2],
const reference Ray ray) {
float t0 = ray.mint, t1 = ray.maxt;
// Check all three axis-aligned slabs. Don't try to early out; it's
// not worth the trouble
float3 tNear = (bounds[0] - ray.origin) * ray.invDir;
float3 tFar = (bounds[1] - ray.origin) * ray.invDir;
if (tNear.x > tFar.x) {
float tmp = tNear.x;
tNear.x = tFar.x;
tFar.x = tmp;
}
t0 = max(tNear.x, t0);
t1 = min(tFar.x, t1);
if (tNear.y > tFar.y) {
float tmp = tNear.y;
tNear.y = tFar.y;
tFar.y = tmp;
}
t0 = max(tNear.y, t0);
t1 = min(tFar.y, t1);
if (tNear.z > tFar.z) {
float tmp = tNear.z;
tNear.z = tFar.z;
tFar.z = tmp;
}
t0 = max(tNear.z, t0);
t1 = min(tFar.z, t1);
return (t0 <= t1);
}
static inline bool TriIntersect(const reference Triangle tri, reference Ray ray) {
uniform float3 e1 = tri.p[1] - tri.p[0];
uniform float3 e2 = tri.p[2] - tri.p[0];
float3 s1 = Cross(ray.dir, e2);
float divisor = Dot(s1, e1);
bool hit = true;
if (divisor == 0.)
hit = false;
float invDivisor = 1.f / divisor;
// Compute first barycentric coordinate
float3 d = ray.origin - tri.p[0];
float b1 = Dot(d, s1) * invDivisor;
if (b1 < 0. || b1 > 1.)
hit = false;
// Compute second barycentric coordinate
float3 s2 = Cross(d, e1);
float b2 = Dot(ray.dir, s2) * invDivisor;
if (b2 < 0. || b1 + b2 > 1.)
hit = false;
// Compute _t_ to intersection point
float t = Dot(e2, s2) * invDivisor;
if (t < ray.mint || t > ray.maxt)
hit = false;
if (hit) {
ray.maxt = t;
ray.hitId = tri.id;
}
return hit;
}
bool BVHIntersect(const LinearBVHNode nodes[], const Triangle tris[],
reference Ray r) {
Ray ray = r;
bool hit = false;
// Follow ray through BVH nodes to find primitive intersections
uniform int todoOffset = 0, nodeNum = 0;
uniform int todo[64];
while (true) {
// Check ray against BVH node
LinearBVHNode node = nodes[nodeNum];
if (any(BBoxIntersect(node.bounds, ray))) {
uniform unsigned int nPrimitives = nPrims(node);
if (nPrimitives > 0) {
// Intersect ray with primitives in leaf BVH node
uniform unsigned int primitivesOffset = node.offset;
for (uniform unsigned int i = 0; i < nPrimitives; ++i) {
if (TriIntersect(tris[primitivesOffset+i], ray))
hit = true;
}
if (todoOffset == 0)
break;
nodeNum = todo[--todoOffset];
}
else {
// Put far BVH node on _todo_ stack, advance to near node
if (r.dirIsNeg[axis(node)]) {
todo[todoOffset++] = nodeNum + 1;
nodeNum = node.offset;
}
else {
todo[todoOffset++] = node.offset;
nodeNum = nodeNum + 1;
}
}
}
else {
if (todoOffset == 0)
break;
nodeNum = todo[--todoOffset];
}
}
r.maxt = ray.maxt;
r.hitId = ray.hitId;
return hit;
}
export void raytrace(uniform int width, uniform int height,
const uniform float raster2camera[4][4],
const uniform float camera2world[4][4],
uniform float image[], uniform int id[],
const LinearBVHNode nodes[],
const Triangle triangles[]) {
static const uniform float udx[16] = { 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3,
0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3 };
static const uniform float udy[16] = { 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1,
2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3 };
// The outer loops are always over blocks of 4x4 pixels
for (uniform int y = 0; y < height; y += 4) {
for (uniform int x = 0; x < width; x += 4) {
// Now we have a block of 4x4=16 pixels to process; it will
// take 16/programCount iterations of this loop to process
// them.
for (uniform int o = 0; o < 16 / programCount; ++o) {
// Map program instances to samples in the udx/udy arrays
// to figure out which pixel each program instance is
// responsible for
const float dx = udx[o * programCount + programIndex];
const float dy = udy[o * programCount + programIndex];
Ray ray;
generateRay(raster2camera, camera2world, x+dx, y+dy, ray);
BVHIntersect(nodes, triangles, ray);
int offset = (y + (int)dy) * width + (x + (int)dx);
image[offset] = ray.maxt;
id[offset] = ray.hitId;
}
}
}
}

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<Command Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
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cl /E /TP %(Filename).ispc | ispc -O2 - -o %(Filename).obj -h %(Filename)_ispc.h
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define NOMINMAX
#pragma warning (disable: 4244)
#pragma warning (disable: 4305)
#endif
#include <algorithm>
// Just enough of a float3 class to do what we need in this file.
#ifdef _MSC_VER
__declspec(align(16))
#endif
struct float3 {
float3() { }
float3(float xx, float yy, float zz) { x = xx; y = yy; z = zz; }
float3 operator*(float f) const { return float3(x*f, y*f, z*f); }
float3 operator-(const float3 &f2) const {
return float3(x-f2.x, y-f2.y, z-f2.z);
}
float3 operator*(const float3 &f2) const {
return float3(x*f2.x, y*f2.y, z*f2.z);
}
float x, y, z;
float pad; // match padding/alignment of ispc version
}
#ifndef _MSC_VER
__attribute__ ((aligned(16)))
#endif
;
struct Ray {
float3 origin, dir, invDir;
unsigned int dirIsNeg[3];
float mint, maxt;
int hitId;
};
// Declare these in a namespace so the mangling matches
namespace ispc {
struct Triangle {
float3 p[3];
int id;
};
struct LinearBVHNode {
float3 bounds[2];
unsigned int offset; // primitives for leaf, second child for interior
unsigned int primsAxis; // 0:7 nPrimitives, 8:15 split axis, 16:31 padding
};
}
using namespace ispc;
inline int nPrims(const LinearBVHNode &node) {
return (node.primsAxis & 0xff);
}
inline int axis(const LinearBVHNode &node) {
return ((node.primsAxis >> 8) & 0xff);
}
inline bool isInterior(const LinearBVHNode &node) {
return nPrims(node) == 0;
}
inline float3 Cross(const float3 &v1, const float3 &v2) {
float v1x = v1.x, v1y = v1.y, v1z = v1.z;
float v2x = v2.x, v2y = v2.y, v2z = v2.z;
float3 ret;
ret.x = (v1y * v2z) - (v1z * v2y);
ret.y = (v1z * v2x) - (v1x * v2z);
ret.z = (v1x * v2y) - (v1y * v2x);
return ret;
}
inline float Dot(const float3 &a, const float3 &b) {
return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y + a.z * b.z;
}
static void generateRay(const float raster2camera[4][4],
const float camera2world[4][4],
float x, float y, Ray &ray) {
ray.mint = 0.f;
ray.maxt = 1e30f;
ray.hitId = 0;
// transform raster coordinate (x, y, 0) to camera space
float camx = raster2camera[0][0] * x + raster2camera[0][1] * y + raster2camera[0][3];
float camy = raster2camera[1][0] * x + raster2camera[1][1] * y + raster2camera[1][3];
float camz = raster2camera[2][3];
float camw = raster2camera[3][3];
camx /= camw;
camy /= camw;
camz /= camw;
ray.dir.x = camera2world[0][0] * camx + camera2world[0][1] * camy + camera2world[0][2] * camz;
ray.dir.y = camera2world[1][0] * camx + camera2world[1][1] * camy + camera2world[1][2] * camz;
ray.dir.z = camera2world[2][0] * camx + camera2world[2][1] * camy + camera2world[2][2] * camz;
ray.origin.x = camera2world[0][3] / camera2world[3][3];
ray.origin.y = camera2world[1][3] / camera2world[3][3];
ray.origin.z = camera2world[2][3] / camera2world[3][3];
ray.invDir.x = 1.f / ray.dir.x;
ray.invDir.y = 1.f / ray.dir.y;
ray.invDir.z = 1.f / ray.dir.z;
ray.dirIsNeg[0] = (ray.invDir.x < 0) ? 1 : 0;
ray.dirIsNeg[1] = (ray.invDir.y < 0) ? 1 : 0;
ray.dirIsNeg[2] = (ray.invDir.z < 0) ? 1 : 0;
}
static inline bool BBoxIntersect(const float3 bounds[2],
const Ray &ray) {
float t0 = ray.mint, t1 = ray.maxt;
float3 tNear = (bounds[0] - ray.origin) * ray.invDir;
float3 tFar = (bounds[1] - ray.origin) * ray.invDir;
if (tNear.x > tFar.x) {
float tmp = tNear.x;
tNear.x = tFar.x;
tFar.x = tmp;
}
t0 = std::max(tNear.x, t0);
t1 = std::min(tFar.x, t1);
if (tNear.y > tFar.y) {
float tmp = tNear.y;
tNear.y = tFar.y;
tFar.y = tmp;
}
t0 = std::max(tNear.y, t0);
t1 = std::min(tFar.y, t1);
if (tNear.z > tFar.z) {
float tmp = tNear.z;
tNear.z = tFar.z;
tFar.z = tmp;
}
t0 = std::max(tNear.z, t0);
t1 = std::min(tFar.z, t1);
return (t0 <= t1);
}
inline bool TriIntersect(const Triangle &tri, Ray &ray) {
float3 e1 = tri.p[1] - tri.p[0];
float3 e2 = tri.p[2] - tri.p[0];
float3 s1 = Cross(ray.dir, e2);
float divisor = Dot(s1, e1);
if (divisor == 0.)
return false;
float invDivisor = 1.f / divisor;
// Compute first barycentric coordinate
float3 d = ray.origin - tri.p[0];
float b1 = Dot(d, s1) * invDivisor;
if (b1 < 0. || b1 > 1.)
return false;
// Compute second barycentric coordinate
float3 s2 = Cross(d, e1);
float b2 = Dot(ray.dir, s2) * invDivisor;
if (b2 < 0. || b1 + b2 > 1.)
return false;
// Compute _t_ to intersection point
float t = Dot(e2, s2) * invDivisor;
if (t < ray.mint || t > ray.maxt)
return false;
ray.maxt = t;
ray.hitId = tri.id;
return true;
}
bool BVHIntersect(const LinearBVHNode nodes[], const Triangle tris[],
Ray &r) {
Ray ray = r;
bool hit = false;
// Follow ray through BVH nodes to find primitive intersections
int todoOffset = 0, nodeNum = 0;
int todo[64];
while (true) {
// Check ray against BVH node
const LinearBVHNode &node = nodes[nodeNum];
if (BBoxIntersect(node.bounds, ray)) {
unsigned int nPrimitives = nPrims(node);
if (nPrimitives > 0) {
// Intersect ray with primitives in leaf BVH node
unsigned int primitivesOffset = node.offset;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < nPrimitives; ++i) {
if (TriIntersect(tris[primitivesOffset+i], ray))
hit = true;
}
if (todoOffset == 0)
break;
nodeNum = todo[--todoOffset];
}
else {
// Put far BVH node on _todo_ stack, advance to near node
if (r.dirIsNeg[axis(node)]) {
todo[todoOffset++] = nodeNum + 1;
nodeNum = node.offset;
}
else {
todo[todoOffset++] = node.offset;
nodeNum = nodeNum + 1;
}
}
}
else {
if (todoOffset == 0)
break;
nodeNum = todo[--todoOffset];
}
}
r.maxt = ray.maxt;
r.hitId = ray.hitId;
return hit;
}
void raytrace_serial(int width, int height,
const float raster2camera[4][4],
const float camera2world[4][4],
float image[],
int id[],
const LinearBVHNode nodes[],
const Triangle triangles[]) {
for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
Ray ray;
generateRay(raster2camera, camera2world, x, y, ray);
BVHIntersect(nodes, triangles, ray);
int offset = y * width + x;
image[offset] = ray.maxt;
id[offset] = ray.hitId;
}
}
}

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examples/simple/Makefile Normal file
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CXX=g++
CXXFLAGS=-Iobjs/ -O3 -Wall
ISPC=ispc
ISPCFLAGS=-O2
default: simple
.PHONY: dirs clean
.PRECIOUS: objs/simple.h
dirs:
/bin/mkdir -p objs/
clean:
/bin/rm -rf objs *~ simple
simple: dirs objs/simple.o objs/simple_ispc.o
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ objs/simple.o objs/simple_ispc.o
objs/simple.o: simple.cpp objs/simple_ispc.h
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
objs/%_ispc.h objs/%_ispc.o: %.ispc
$(ISPC) $(ISPCFLAGS) $< -o objs/$*_ispc.o -h objs/$*_ispc.h

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examples/simple/simple.cpp Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
// Include the header file that the ispc compiler generates
#include "simple_ispc.h"
using namespace ispc;
int main() {
// Pointers passed to ispc-compiled code are currently required to have
// alignment equal to the target's native vector size. Here we align
// to 32 bytes to be safe for both SSE and AVX targets.
#ifdef _MSC_VER
__declspec(align(32)) float vin[16], vout[16];
#else
float vin[16] __attribute__((aligned(32)));
float vout[16] __attribute__((aligned(32)));
#endif
// Initialize input buffer
for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i)
vin[i] = (float)i;
// Call simple() function from simple.ispc file
simple(vin, vout, 16);
// Print results
for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i)
printf("%d: simple(%f) = %f\n", i, vin[i], vout[i]);
return 0;
}

53
examples/simple/simple.ispc Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
export void simple(uniform float vin[], uniform float vout[],
uniform int count) {
// Compute the result for 'programCount' values in parallel
for (uniform int i = 0; i < count; i += programCount) {
int index = i + programIndex;
// Load the appropriate input value for this program instance.
float v = vin[index];
// Do an arbitrary little computation, but at least make the
// computation dependent on the value being processed
if (v < 3.)
v = v * v;
else
v = sqrt(v);
// And write the result to the output array.
vout[index] = v;
}
}

164
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@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
<ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
<ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
<Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
<Platform>Win32</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
<ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
<Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
<Platform>x64</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
<ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
<Configuration>Release</Configuration>
<Platform>Win32</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
<ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
<Configuration>Release</Configuration>
<Platform>x64</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ClCompile Include="simple.cpp" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<CustomBuild Include="simple.ispc">
<FileType>Document</FileType>
<Command Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
cl /E /TP %(Filename).ispc | ispc -O2 - -o %(Filename).obj -h %(Filename)_ispc.h --arch=x86
</Command>
<Command Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
cl /E /TP %(Filename).ispc | ispc -O2 -o %(Filename).obj -h %(Filename)_ispc.h
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<Outputs Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">%(Filename).obj</Outputs>
<Command Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
cl /E /TP %(Filename).ispc | ispc -O2 - -o %(Filename).obj -h %(Filename)_ispc.h --arch=x86
</Command>
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cl /E /TP %(Filename).ispc | ispc -O2 - -o %(Filename).obj -h %(Filename)_ispc.h
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<PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
<ProjectGuid>{947C5311-8B78-4D05-BEE4-BCF342D4B367}</ProjectGuid>
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67
examples/timing.h Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <stdint.h>
#ifdef WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#define rdtsc __rdtsc
#else
extern "C" {
__inline__ uint64_t rdtsc() {
uint32_t low, high;
__asm__ __volatile__ (
"xorl %%eax,%%eax \n cpuid"
::: "%rax", "%rbx", "%rcx", "%rdx" );
__asm__ __volatile__ (
"rdtsc" : "=a" (low), "=d" (high));
return (uint64_t)high << 32 | low;
}
}
#endif
static uint64_t start, end;
static inline void reset_and_start_timer()
{
start = rdtsc();
}
/* Returns the number of millions of elapsed processor cycles since the
last reset_and_start_timer() call. */
static inline double get_elapsed_mcycles()
{
end = rdtsc();
return (end-start) / (1024. * 1024.);
}