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Matt Pharr
2011-06-21 06:23:29 -07:00
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examples/aobench/Makefile Normal file
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CXX=g++
CXXFLAGS=-Iobjs/ -O3 -Wall
ISPC=ispc
ISPCFLAGS=-O2 --fast-math
default: ao
.PHONY: dirs clean
dirs:
/bin/mkdir -p objs/
clean:
/bin/rm -rf objs *~ ao
ao: dirs objs/ao.o objs/ao_serial.o objs/ao_ispc.o
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ objs/ao.o objs/ao_ispc.o objs/ao_serial.o -lm -lpthread
objs/%.o: %.cpp
$(CXX) $< $(CXXFLAGS) -c -o $@
objs/ao.o: objs/ao_ispc.h
objs/%_ispc.h objs/%_ispc.o: %.ispc
$(ISPC) $(ISPCFLAGS) $< -o objs/$*_ispc.o -h objs/$*_ispc.h

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examples/aobench/ao.cpp Normal file
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/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define NOMINMAX
#pragma warning (disable: 4244)
#pragma warning (disable: 4305)
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#ifdef __linux__
#include <malloc.h>
#endif
#include <math.h>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "ao_ispc.h"
using namespace ispc;
#include "../timing.h"
#define NSUBSAMPLES 2
extern void ao_serial(int w, int h, int nsubsamples, float image[]);
static unsigned int test_iterations;
static unsigned int width, height;
static unsigned char *img;
static float *fimg;
static unsigned char
clamp(float f)
{
int i = (int)(f * 255.5);
if (i < 0) i = 0;
if (i > 255) i = 255;
return (unsigned char)i;
}
static void
savePPM(const char *fname, int w, int h)
{
for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
img[3 * (y * w + x) + 0] = clamp(fimg[3 *(y * w + x) + 0]);
img[3 * (y * w + x) + 1] = clamp(fimg[3 *(y * w + x) + 1]);
img[3 * (y * w + x) + 2] = clamp(fimg[3 *(y * w + x) + 2]);
}
}
FILE *fp = fopen(fname, "wb");
if (!fp) {
perror(fname);
exit(1);
}
fprintf(fp, "P6\n");
fprintf(fp, "%d %d\n", w, h);
fprintf(fp, "255\n");
fwrite(img, w * h * 3, 1, fp);
fclose(fp);
}
// Allocate memory with 64-byte alignment.
float *
AllocAligned(int size) {
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
return (float *)_aligned_malloc(size, 64);
#elif defined (__APPLE__)
// Allocate excess memory to ensure an aligned pointer can be returned
void *mem = malloc(size + (64-1) + sizeof(void*));
char *amem = ((char*)mem) + sizeof(void*);
amem += 64 - (reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(amem) & (64 - 1));
((void**)amem)[-1] = mem;
return (float *)amem;
#else
return (float *)memalign(64, size);
#endif
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argc != 4) {
printf ("%s\n", argv[0]);
printf ("Usage: ao [num test iterations] [width] [height]\n");
getchar();
exit(-1);
}
else {
test_iterations = atoi(argv[1]);
width = atoi (argv[2]);
height = atoi (argv[3]);
}
// Allocate space for output images
img = (unsigned char *)AllocAligned(width * height * 3);
fimg = (float *)AllocAligned(sizeof(float) * width * height * 3);
//
// Run the ispc path, test_iterations times, and report the minimum
// time for any of them.
//
double minTimeISPC = 1e30;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < test_iterations; i++) {
memset((void *)fimg, 0, sizeof(float) * width * height * 3);
assert(NSUBSAMPLES == 2);
reset_and_start_timer();
ao_ispc(width, height, NSUBSAMPLES, fimg);
double t = get_elapsed_mcycles();
minTimeISPC = std::min(minTimeISPC, t);
}
// Report results and save image
printf("[aobench ispc]:\t\t\t[%.3f] M cycles (%d x %d image)\n", minTimeISPC,
width, height);
savePPM("ao-ispc.ppm", width, height);
//
// Run the serial path, again test_iteration times, and report the
// minimum time.
//
double minTimeSerial = 1e30;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < test_iterations; i++) {
memset((void *)fimg, 0, sizeof(float) * width * height * 3);
reset_and_start_timer();
ao_serial(width, height, NSUBSAMPLES, fimg);
double t = get_elapsed_mcycles();
minTimeSerial = std::min(minTimeSerial, t);
}
// Report more results, save another image...
printf("[aobench serial]:\t\t[%.3f] M cycles (%d x %d image)\n", minTimeSerial,
width, height);
printf("\t\t\t\t(%.2fx speedup from ISPC)\n", minTimeSerial / minTimeISPC);
savePPM("ao-serial.ppm", width, height);
return 0;
}

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// -*- mode: c++ -*-
/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/*
Based on Syoyo Fujita's aobench: http://code.google.com/p/aobench
*/
#define NAO_SAMPLES 8
#define M_PI 3.1415926535f
typedef float<3> vec;
struct Isect {
float t;
vec p;
vec n;
int hit;
};
struct Sphere {
vec center;
float radius;
};
struct Plane {
vec p;
vec n;
};
struct Ray {
vec org;
vec dir;
};
static inline float dot(vec a, vec b) {
return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y + a.z * b.z;
}
static inline vec vcross(vec v0, vec v1) {
vec ret;
ret.x = v0.y * v1.z - v0.z * v1.y;
ret.y = v0.z * v1.x - v0.x * v1.z;
ret.z = v0.x * v1.y - v0.y * v1.x;
return ret;
}
static inline void vnormalize(reference vec v) {
float len2 = dot(v, v);
float invlen = rsqrt(len2);
v *= invlen;
}
static inline void
ray_plane_intersect(reference Isect isect, reference Ray ray,
reference Plane plane) {
float d = -dot(plane.p, plane.n);
float v = dot(ray.dir, plane.n);
cif (abs(v) < 1.0e-17)
return;
else {
float t = -(dot(ray.org, plane.n) + d) / v;
cif ((t > 0.0) && (t < isect.t)) {
isect.t = t;
isect.hit = 1;
isect.p = ray.org + ray.dir * t;
isect.n = plane.n;
}
}
}
static inline void
ray_sphere_intersect(reference Isect isect, reference Ray ray,
reference Sphere sphere) {
vec rs = ray.org - sphere.center;
float B = dot(rs, ray.dir);
float C = dot(rs, rs) - sphere.radius * sphere.radius;
float D = B * B - C;
cif (D > 0.) {
float t = -B - sqrt(D);
cif ((t > 0.0) && (t < isect.t)) {
isect.t = t;
isect.hit = 1;
isect.p = ray.org + t * ray.dir;
isect.n = isect.p - sphere.center;
vnormalize(isect.n);
}
}
}
static inline void
orthoBasis(reference vec basis[3], vec n) {
basis[2] = n;
basis[1].x = 0.0; basis[1].y = 0.0; basis[1].z = 0.0;
if ((n.x < 0.6) && (n.x > -0.6)) {
basis[1].x = 1.0;
} else if ((n.y < 0.6) && (n.y > -0.6)) {
basis[1].y = 1.0;
} else if ((n.z < 0.6) && (n.z > -0.6)) {
basis[1].z = 1.0;
} else {
basis[1].x = 1.0;
}
basis[0] = vcross(basis[1], basis[2]);
vnormalize(basis[0]);
basis[1] = vcross(basis[2], basis[0]);
vnormalize(basis[1]);
}
static inline float
ambient_occlusion(reference Isect isect, reference Plane plane,
reference Sphere spheres[3], reference RNGState rngstate) {
float eps = 0.0001f;
vec p, n;
vec basis[3];
float occlusion = 0.0;
p = isect.p + eps * isect.n;
orthoBasis(basis, isect.n);
static const uniform int ntheta = NAO_SAMPLES;
static const uniform int nphi = NAO_SAMPLES;
for (uniform int j = 0; j < ntheta; j++) {
for (uniform int i = 0; i < nphi; i++) {
Ray ray;
Isect occIsect;
float theta = sqrt(frandom(rngstate));
float phi = 2.0f * M_PI * frandom(rngstate);
float x = cos(phi) * theta;
float y = sin(phi) * theta;
float z = sqrt(1.0 - theta * theta);
// local . global
float rx = x * basis[0].x + y * basis[1].x + z * basis[2].x;
float ry = x * basis[0].y + y * basis[1].y + z * basis[2].y;
float rz = x * basis[0].z + y * basis[1].z + z * basis[2].z;
ray.org = p;
ray.dir.x = rx;
ray.dir.y = ry;
ray.dir.z = rz;
occIsect.t = 1.0e+17;
occIsect.hit = 0;
for (uniform int snum = 0; snum < 3; ++snum)
ray_sphere_intersect(occIsect, ray, spheres[snum]);
ray_plane_intersect (occIsect, ray, plane);
if (occIsect.hit) occlusion += 1.0;
}
}
occlusion = (ntheta * nphi - occlusion) / (float)(ntheta * nphi);
return occlusion;
}
/* Compute the image for the scanlines from [y0,y1), for an overall image
of width w and height h.
*/
void ao_scanlines(uniform int y0, uniform int y1, uniform int w, uniform int h,
uniform int nsubsamples, reference uniform float image[]) {
static Plane plane = { { 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f }, { 0.f, 1.f, 0.f } };
static Sphere spheres[3] = {
{ { -2.0f, 0.0f, -3.5f }, 0.5f },
{ { -0.5f, 0.0f, -3.0f }, 0.5f },
{ { 1.0f, 0.0f, -2.2f }, 0.5f } };
RNGState rngstate;
seed_rng(rngstate, y0);
// Compute the mapping between the 'programCount'-wide program
// instances running in parallel and samples in the image.
//
// For now, we'll always take four samples per pixel, so start by
// initializing du and dv with offsets into subpixel samples. We'll
// take care of further updating du and dv for the case where we're
// doing more than 4 program instances in parallel shortly.
uniform float uSteps[4] = { 0, 1, 0, 1 };
uniform float vSteps[4] = { 0, 0, 1, 1 };
float du = uSteps[programIndex % 4] / nsubsamples;
float dv = vSteps[programIndex % 4] / nsubsamples;
// Now handle the case where we are able to do more than one pixel's
// worth of work at once. nx records the number of pixels in the x
// direction we do per iteration and ny the number in y.
uniform int nx = 1, ny = 1;
if (programCount == 8) {
// Do two pixels at once in the x direction
nx = 2;
if (programIndex >= 4)
// And shift the offsets for the second pixel's worth of work
++du;
}
else if (programCount == 16) {
// Two at once in both x and y
nx = ny = 2;
if ((programIndex >= 4 && programIndex < 8) || programIndex >= 12)
++du;
if (programIndex >= 8)
++dv;
}
// Now loop over all of the pixels, stepping in x and y as calculated
// above. (Assumes that ny divides y and nx divides x...)
for (uniform int y = y0; y < y1; y += ny) {
for (uniform int x = 0; x < w; x += nx) {
// Figur out x,y pixel in NDC
float px = (x + du - (w / 2.0f)) / (w / 2.0f);
float py = -(y + dv - (h / 2.0f)) / (h / 2.0f);
float ret = 0.f;
Ray ray;
Isect isect;
ray.org = 0.f;
// Poor man's perspective projection
ray.dir.x = px;
ray.dir.y = py;
ray.dir.z = -1.0;
vnormalize(ray.dir);
isect.t = 1.0e+17;
isect.hit = 0;
for (uniform int snum = 0; snum < 3; ++snum)
ray_sphere_intersect(isect, ray, spheres[snum]);
ray_plane_intersect(isect, ray, plane);
// Note use of 'coherent' if statement; the set of rays we
// trace will often all hit or all miss the scene
cif (isect.hit)
ret = ambient_occlusion(isect, plane, spheres, rngstate);
// This is a little grungy; we have results for
// programCount-worth of values. Because we're doing 2x2
// subsamples, we need to peel them off in groups of four,
// average the four values for each pixel, and update the
// output image.
//
// Store the varying value to a uniform array of the same size.
// See the discussion about communication among program
// instances in the ispc user's manual for more discussion on
// this idiom.
uniform float retArray[programCount];
retArray[programIndex] = ret;
// offset to the first pixel in the image
uniform int offset = 3 * (y * w + x);
for (uniform int p = 0; p < programCount; p += 4, ++offset) {
// Get the four sample values for this pixel
uniform float sumret = retArray[p] + retArray[p+1] + retArray[p+2] +
retArray[p+3];
// Normalize by number of samples taken
sumret /= nsubsamples * nsubsamples;
// Store result in the image
image[offset+0] = sumret;
image[offset+1] = sumret;
image[offset+2] = sumret;
}
}
}
}
export void ao_ispc(uniform int w, uniform int h, uniform int nsubsamples,
uniform float image[]) {
ao_scanlines(0, h, w, h, nsubsamples, image);
}

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// -*- mode: c++ -*-
/*
Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Intel Corporation
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/*
Based on Syoyo Fujita's aobench: http://code.google.com/p/aobench
*/
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define NOMINMAX
#pragma warning (disable: 4244)
#pragma warning (disable: 4305)
#endif
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
static long long drand48_x = 0x1234ABCD330E;
static inline void srand48(int x) {
drand48_x = x ^ (x << 16);
}
static inline double drand48() {
drand48_x = drand48_x * 0x5DEECE66D + 0xB;
return (drand48_x & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF) * (1.0 / 281474976710656.0);
}
#endif // _MSC_VER
#ifdef _MSC_VER
__declspec(align(16))
#endif
struct vec {
vec() { x=y=z=pad=0.; }
vec(float xx, float yy, float zz) { x = xx; y = yy; z = zz; }
vec operator*(float f) const { return vec(x*f, y*f, z*f); }
vec operator+(const vec &f2) const {
return vec(x+f2.x, y+f2.y, z+f2.z);
}
vec operator-(const vec &f2) const {
return vec(x-f2.x, y-f2.y, z-f2.z);
}
vec operator*(const vec &f2) const {
return vec(x*f2.x, y*f2.y, z*f2.z);
}
float x, y, z;
float pad;
}
#ifndef _MSC_VER
__attribute__ ((aligned(16)))
#endif
;
inline vec operator*(float f, const vec &v) { return vec(f*v.x, f*v.y, f*v.z); }
#define NAO_SAMPLES 8
#ifdef M_PI
#undef M_PI
#endif
#define M_PI 3.1415926535f
struct Isect {
float t;
vec p;
vec n;
int hit;
};
struct Sphere {
vec center;
float radius;
};
struct Plane {
vec p;
vec n;
};
struct Ray {
vec org;
vec dir;
};
static inline float dot(const vec &a, const vec &b) {
return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y + a.z * b.z;
}
static inline vec vcross(const vec &v0, const vec &v1) {
vec ret;
ret.x = v0.y * v1.z - v0.z * v1.y;
ret.y = v0.z * v1.x - v0.x * v1.z;
ret.z = v0.x * v1.y - v0.y * v1.x;
return ret;
}
static inline void vnormalize(vec &v) {
float len2 = dot(v, v);
float invlen = 1.f / sqrtf(len2);
v = v * invlen;
}
static inline void
ray_plane_intersect(Isect &isect, Ray &ray,
Plane &plane) {
float d = -dot(plane.p, plane.n);
float v = dot(ray.dir, plane.n);
if (fabsf(v) < 1.0e-17)
return;
else {
float t = -(dot(ray.org, plane.n) + d) / v;
if ((t > 0.0) && (t < isect.t)) {
isect.t = t;
isect.hit = 1;
isect.p = ray.org + ray.dir * t;
isect.n = plane.n;
}
}
}
static inline void
ray_sphere_intersect(Isect &isect, Ray &ray,
Sphere &sphere) {
vec rs = ray.org - sphere.center;
float B = dot(rs, ray.dir);
float C = dot(rs, rs) - sphere.radius * sphere.radius;
float D = B * B - C;
if (D > 0.) {
float t = -B - sqrtf(D);
if ((t > 0.0) && (t < isect.t)) {
isect.t = t;
isect.hit = 1;
isect.p = ray.org + t * ray.dir;
isect.n = isect.p - sphere.center;
vnormalize(isect.n);
}
}
}
static inline void
orthoBasis(vec basis[3], const vec &n) {
basis[2] = n;
basis[1].x = 0.0; basis[1].y = 0.0; basis[1].z = 0.0;
if ((n.x < 0.6) && (n.x > -0.6)) {
basis[1].x = 1.0;
} else if ((n.y < 0.6) && (n.y > -0.6)) {
basis[1].y = 1.0;
} else if ((n.z < 0.6) && (n.z > -0.6)) {
basis[1].z = 1.0;
} else {
basis[1].x = 1.0;
}
basis[0] = vcross(basis[1], basis[2]);
vnormalize(basis[0]);
basis[1] = vcross(basis[2], basis[0]);
vnormalize(basis[1]);
}
static float
ambient_occlusion(Isect &isect, Plane &plane,
Sphere spheres[3]) {
float eps = 0.0001f;
vec p, n;
vec basis[3];
float occlusion = 0.0;
p = isect.p + eps * isect.n;
orthoBasis(basis, isect.n);
static const int ntheta = NAO_SAMPLES;
static const int nphi = NAO_SAMPLES;
for (int j = 0; j < ntheta; j++) {
for (int i = 0; i < nphi; i++) {
Ray ray;
Isect occIsect;
float theta = sqrtf(drand48());
float phi = 2.0f * M_PI * drand48();
float x = cosf(phi) * theta;
float y = sinf(phi) * theta;
float z = sqrtf(1.0 - theta * theta);
// local . global
float rx = x * basis[0].x + y * basis[1].x + z * basis[2].x;
float ry = x * basis[0].y + y * basis[1].y + z * basis[2].y;
float rz = x * basis[0].z + y * basis[1].z + z * basis[2].z;
ray.org = p;
ray.dir.x = rx;
ray.dir.y = ry;
ray.dir.z = rz;
occIsect.t = 1.0e+17;
occIsect.hit = 0;
for (int snum = 0; snum < 3; ++snum)
ray_sphere_intersect(occIsect, ray, spheres[snum]);
ray_plane_intersect (occIsect, ray, plane);
if (occIsect.hit) occlusion += 1.0;
}
}
occlusion = (ntheta * nphi - occlusion) / (float)(ntheta * nphi);
return occlusion;
}
/* Compute the image for the scanlines from [y0,y1), for an overall image
of width w and height h.
*/
static void ao_scanlines(int y0, int y1, int w, int h, int nsubsamples,
float image[]) {
static Plane plane = { vec(0.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f), vec(0.f, 1.f, 0.f) };
static Sphere spheres[3] = {
{ vec(-2.0f, 0.0f, -3.5f), 0.5f },
{ vec(-0.5f, 0.0f, -3.0f), 0.5f },
{ vec(1.0f, 0.0f, -2.2f), 0.5f } };
srand48(y0);
for (int y = y0; y < y1; ++y) {
for (int x = 0; x < w; ++x) {
int offset = 3 * (y * w + x);
for (int u = 0; u < nsubsamples; ++u) {
for (int v = 0; v < nsubsamples; ++v) {
float px = (x + (u / (float)nsubsamples) - (w / 2.0f)) / (w / 2.0f);
float py = -(y + (v / (float)nsubsamples) - (h / 2.0f)) / (h / 2.0f);
float ret = 0.f;
Ray ray;
Isect isect;
ray.org = vec(0.f, 0.f, 0.f);
ray.dir.x = px;
ray.dir.y = py;
ray.dir.z = -1.0;
vnormalize(ray.dir);
isect.t = 1.0e+17;
isect.hit = 0;
for (int snum = 0; snum < 3; ++snum)
ray_sphere_intersect(isect, ray, spheres[snum]);
ray_plane_intersect(isect, ray, plane);
if (isect.hit)
ret = ambient_occlusion(isect, plane, spheres);
// Update image for AO for this ray
image[offset+0] += ret;
image[offset+1] += ret;
image[offset+2] += ret;
}
}
// Normalize image pixels by number of samples taken per pixel
image[offset+0] /= nsubsamples * nsubsamples;
image[offset+1] /= nsubsamples * nsubsamples;
image[offset+2] /= nsubsamples * nsubsamples;
}
}
}
void ao_serial(int w, int h, int nsubsamples,
float image[]) {
ao_scanlines(0, h, w, h, nsubsamples, image);
}

161
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